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International Journal of Quantum Information

Interpretation of generalized matrix functions via geometric measure of quantum entanglement

Haixia Chang, Vehbi Emrah Paksoy, Fuzhen Zhang

Published Oct 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

By using representation theory and irreducible characters of the symmetric group, we introduce character dependent states and study their entanglement via geometric measure. We also present a geometric interpretation of generalized matrix functions via this entanglement analysis.
DOI
10.1142/s0219749915500495

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Given a complex n × n matrix A and an irreducible character χ of permutation group on n letters, generalized matrix function dχ(A) of A can be thought as combinatorial generalization of matrix permanent and determinant. Due to its combinatorial nature, it is usually a demanding task to assign the construction some geometrical meaning. In this presentation, we discuss how generalized matrix functions serve as essential tools in determining geometric measure of entanglement of certain quantum states. Along the way, we obtain some unexpected geometric interpretations and investigate some examples.
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Abstract In this paper, we present the connection of two concepts as induced representation and partially reduced irreducible representations (PRIR) appear in the context of port-based teleportation protocols. Namely, for a given finite group G with arbitrary subgroup H, we consider a particular case of matrix irreducible representations, whose restriction to the subgroup H, as a matrix representation of H, is completely reduced to diagonal block form with an irreducible representation of H in the blocks. The basic properties of such representations are given. Then as an application of this concept, we show that the spectrum of the port-based teleportation operator acting on n systems is connected in a very simple way with the spectrum of the corresponding Jucys–Murphy operator for the symmetric group S(n−1)⊂S(n)S(n-1)\subset S(n)S(n−1)⊂S(n) S ( n - 1 ) ⊂ S ( n ) . This shows on the technical level relation between teleporation and one of the basic objects from the point of view of the representation theory of the symmetric group. This shows a deep connection between the central object describing properties of deterministic PBT schemes and objects appearing naturally in the abstract representation theory of the symmetric group. In particular, we present a new expression for the eigenvalues of the Jucys–Murphy operators based on the irreducible characters of the symmetric group. As an additional but not trivial result, we give also purely matrix proof of the Frobenius reciprocity theorem for characters with explicit construction of the unitary matrix that realizes the reduction in the natural basis of induced representation to the reduced one.
We point out that a geometric measure of quantum entanglement is related to the matrix permanent when restricted to permutation invariant states. This connection allows us to interpret the permanent as an angle between vectors. By employing a recently introduced permanent inequality [Carlen, Loss and Lieb, Meth. and Appl. of Analysis, 13 (2006), no. 1, 1–17], we can write combinatorial formulas for quantifying the entanglement of permutation invariant basis states. When applying the geometric measure to permutation invariant states with nonnegative coefficients, we show that the overlap with a product state is maximized by a tensor product of the same single-party state. This extends some observations in [Hayashi et al., Phys. Rev. A 77, 012104 (2008)].