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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Development of a high-Q superconducting microwave resonator for coupling to trapped laser-cooled atoms

Jared Hertzberg, Kristen Voigt, Zaeill Kim, Jennifer E. Hoffman, Jeff Grover, Jongmin Lee, Pablo Solano, Rangga P. Budoyo, C.J. Ballard, J. R. Anderson, Christopher J. Lobb, Luis A. Orozco, S. L. Rolston, F. C. Wellstood

Published Mar 3, 2014• 0 citations
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Hybrid quantum systems can be formed that combine the strengths of multiple platforms while avoiding the weaknesses. Here we report on progress toward a hybrid quantum system of neutral atom spins coupled to superconducting qubits. We trap laser-cooled rubidium atoms in the evanescent field of an ultrathin optical fiber, which will be suspended a few microns above a superconducting circuit that resonates at the hyperfine frequency of the Rb atoms, allowing magnetic coupling between the atoms and superconductor. As this will be done in a dilution refrigerator environment, the technical demands on the optical fiber is severe. We have developed and optimized a tapered fiber fabrication system, achieving optical transmission in excess of 99.95% , and fibers that can sustain 400 mW of optical power in a UHV environment. We have also optimized tapered fibers that can support higher order optical modes with high transmission (> 97%), which may be useful for different optical potential geometries. We have developed an in-situ tunable high-Q superconducting microwave resonator that can be tuned to within the resonator linewidth of the 6.8 GHz frequency of the Rb hyperfine transition.
We present a coherent population trapping clock system based on laser-cooled 87Rb atoms. The clock consists of a frequency-stabilized CPT interrogation laser and a cooling laser as well as a compact magneto-optical trap, a high-performance microwave synthesizer, and a signal detection system. The resonance signal in the continuous wave regime exhibits an absorption contrast of ∼ 50%. In the Ramsey interrogation method, the linewidth of the central fringe is 31.25 Hz. The system achieves fractional frequency stability of 2.4 × 10 − 11 / τ , which goes down to 1.8 × 10−13 at 20000 s. The results validate that cold atom interrogation can improve the long-term frequency stability of coherent population trapping clocks and holds the potential for developing compact/miniature cold atoms clocks.
This project is concerned with ultra-sensitive characterization of the interaction of microwave and optical transitions in atomic clouds and solid materials. Microwave Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy is performed on low loss ferromagnetics and paramagnetic, rare-earth impurity ions in crystal lattices, searching for systems capable of strong coupling. In the optical regime, laser-cooled and trapped neutral Ytterbium atoms are spectroscopically studied with an aim to develop an optical lattice clock for the international Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space mission. This expertise is developing enabling techno logy towards optical coupling to crystals, targeting microwave-optical quantum conversion applications within a hybrid quantum system paradigm.