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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Effective transient states for nonequilibrium systems under ultrafast control pulses

Bin Hwang, Jenni Portman, Edward Ersoy, Phillip M. Duxbury

Published Mar 4, 2014• 0 citations
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The effects of coherent propagation of an ultrashort pulse through an extended collection of multilevel systems is examined. It is found that the transmitted field shows significant deviation from both Beer’s law absorption and the conventional area theorem. In addition, when the system is in a nonstationary state it is found that additional frequencies can appear in the transmitted pulse spectrum. Such effects may be important in several areas of current interest, such as ultrafast pump–probe, coherent control, and inversionless amplification experiments in extended, multilevel media as well as in ultrafast-laser development.
Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy with high temporal and spectral resolutions provides new insight into ultrafast nonequilibrium phenomena. We propose that transient interference between pump and probe pulses is realized in pump-probe spectroscopy of band and Mott insulators, which can be observed only after recent developments of ultrafast spectroscopic techniques. A continuum structure in the excitation spectrum of band insulators is found to act as a medium for storing the spectral information of the pump pulse, and the spectrum detected by the probe pulse is interfered with by the medium, generating the transient interference in the energy domain. We also demonstrate the transient interference in the presence of electron correlations in a one-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model. Furthermore, bosons coupled to electrons additively contribute to the interference. Our finding will provide an interpretation of probe-energy-dependent oscillations recently observed in the pump-probe spectrum for a two-dimensional Mott insulator.
Ultrafast laser pulse has provided a systematic way to inspect the dynamics of electrons in condensed matter systems. In this paper, by means of time-dependent density matrix renormalization group, we study an ultrafast laser-driven Kondo lattice model, in which conduction electrons are strongly coupled with magnetically local moments. The single-particle spectral function due to strong correlation effects and photon emission in the nonequilibrium states under laser driving are calculated. We find laser field excited collective doublon-hole pairs and an associated transient melting of Kondo coherence phase, signifying the collapse of Kondo energy gap. Moreover, we show that the photon emission, induced by a strong laser field, exhibits a different intensity characteristics than in the equilibrium Kondo insulator, which could be explained by the Kondo collapse and related suppression of both intraband and interband contribution in Kondo melting liquid. This theoretical insight is accessible with time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and high-harmonic generation spectroscopy and will stimulate the investigation of nonequilibrium dynamics and nonlinear phenomenon in heavy fermion systems.