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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Lattice waveguide QED: many-body interactions by dissipation

Baptiste Royer, Kevin Lalumi `ere, Arne L. Grimsmo, Alexandre Blais

Published Mar 6, 2015• 0 citations
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Abstract Waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system manifests an ideal platform for studying many-body physics. When multiple emitters are coupled to a common waveguide, subradiant states may arise because of the waveguide-mediated interaction, leading to a long lifetime because of their immunity to the waveguide mode-induced dissipation. However, they can still be influenced by local environments, which are incoherent for different emitters and cannot be canceled out through interference. Herein, a new mechanism termed energy quantum confinement effect (EQCE) is proposed in a non-Markovian waveguide QED system to suppress the local dissipation. The energy quantum is confined in the waveguide by emitters, suppressing spontaneous decay of the emitters. The EQCE makes the system partly free from local dissipation of emitters, leading to a total decay rate lower than the local decay rate. We further show that similar effect occurs spontaneously by self-interference and can be stressed by cooperative coupling, relaxing the requirement for initializing the emitters into a remotely entangled state.
Quantum batteries have demonstrated remarkable charging properties, showing that a quantum advantage is possible in the realm of quantum thermodynamics. However, finding an effective strategy to store energy for long periods remains crucial in these systems. Here, we investigate different configurations of a waveguide-QED system acting as a quantum battery and show that, in this context, collective effects can slow down the self-discharging time of the battery, thus improving the storage time. Specifically, when the artificial atoms of the array are arranged randomly, the energy and ergotropy of the optical system are shown to decay at a subexponential rate over long periods, in contrast to the energy decay of a single atom in a waveguide. In the case of atoms arranged in an ordered lattice, collective effects slow down dissipative discharging only for a specific lattice spacing. Thus, in both configurations, collective effects can be used to boost the energy-protection properties of optical systems.