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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

A comparison of homogeneous and inhomogeneous absorption broadening in Nd doped Gadolinium Gallium Garnet

Christopher G. L. Ferri, Sayantani Ghosh

Published Mar 6, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

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Fluorescence studies of the R-line emission of ruby laser rods over the temperature range of 77 to 300 K have disclosed several new features. In particular, for most of the ruby rods, the fluorescent decay time, τ, was not strictly exponential. Effects of this kind have been observed in the fluorescent decay of the 4F3/2 level of Nd3+ in YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) and in Nd-doped glasses. In both cases, the nonexponential decay was interpreted as evidence for inhomogeneous line broadening effects, among which are strains, ion clustering, and other defects that modify the crystal field at the ion site. Our observations of nonexponential fluorescent decay in ruby are indicative of inhomogeneous line broadening effects in lightly doped (0/05%) ruby. In fact, inhomogeneous line broadening was observed in ruby at liquid helium temperatures, in the spectroscopic studies of A. L. Schawlow.

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Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) interaction in saturable media has received considerable attention because of its potential for application to optical phase conjugation and correction of phase distortions through aberrating media. For this purpose, saturable solid-state materials, operating at the classical wavelength of neodymium lasers near λ0 = 1.06 μm, are of great interest. Here, we present DFWM in a tetravalent chromium-doped gadolinium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Cr4+:GSGG) crystal. Indeed, tetravalent chromium (Cr4+) doped crystals were recently shown to be effective solid-state saturable absorbers for neodymium lasers.1,2 Furthermore, in comparison with traditional saturable absorbers such as dyes in solution, polymeric films, and color-center materials, these crystals exhibit chemical stability, high optical damage threshold, compactness, and would enable operation at high repetition rates.
This work advances the frontier of low-damping magnetic materials, directly addressing the demand for ultra-low-loss components in quantum computing and cryogenic electronics. Here we demonstrate a new approach to get single crystal micrometer-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films with low damping through isolating and mitigating interfacial paramagnetic contributions of a paramagnetic substrate by a buffer-layer. The YIG films with the diamagnetic yttrium scandium gallium garnet buffer layer grown by liquid phase epitaxy on a gadolinium gallium substrate demonstrate homogeneity unprecedented for the thin planar YIG structures, yielding ferromagnetic resonance linewidths of 4.9 MHz at 4 K and 5.9 MHz at 16 mK, the lowest values reported to date. These results underscore the critical role of interfacial engineering in overcoming intrinsic material limitations, opening avenues for further optimization in spin-based technologies.
Fluorescence studies of the R-line emission of ruby laser rods over the temperature range of 77 to 300 K have disclosed several new features. In particular, for most of the ruby rods, the fluorescent decay time, τ, was not strictly exponential. Effects of this kind have been observed in the fluorescent decay of the 4F3/2 level of Nd3+ in YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) and in Nd-doped glasses. In both cases, the nonexponential decay was interpreted as evidence for inhomogeneous line broadening effects, among which are strains, ion clustering, and other defects that modify the crystal field at the ion site. Our observations of nonexponential fluorescent decay in ruby are indicative of inhomogeneous line broadening effects in lightly doped (0/05%) ruby. In fact, inhomogeneous line broadening was observed in ruby at liquid helium temperatures, in the spectroscopic studies of A. L. Schawlow.