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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Ultracold Heteronuclear Fermi-Fermi Molecules

Kai Dieckmann

Published Mar 18, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Department fu¨r Physik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Schellingstrase4, 80799 Munich, GermanyMax-Planck-Institut fu¨r Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strase 1, 85748 Garching, Germany(Dated: October 7, 2008)We report on the first creation of ultracold bosonic heteronuclear molecules of two fermionicspecies,

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Seit der Beobachtung von Bose-Einstein-Kondensation in einkomponentigen bosonischen Gasen und der Realisierung von spin-polarisierten idealen Fermigasen entwickelt sich das (noch sehr junge) Feld der ultrakalten Quantengase rasch in Richtung mehrkomponentiger Gase. Das letztendlich weiteste Spektrum an Moglichkeiten fur quantenmechanische Simulation, ultrakalte Chemie, exotische Paarbildungsmechanismen, Unordnungsphanomene und langreichweitige Wechselwirkung wird eroffnet durch Mischungen unterschiedlicher atomarer Elemente mit unterschiedlicher Statistik, unterschiedlichen Wechselwirkungen und Massen. Diese Dissertation stellt Experimente in einem System wechselwirkender, entarteter Mischungen aus fermionischen 40K und bosonischen 87Rb Quantengasen vor. Ein zusammen mit S. Ospelkaus aufgebautes Experiment zur Erzeugung von Fermi-Bose Mischungen wird detailliert vorgestellt. 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Das hier beschriebene Experiment wurde von Beginn an fur Messungen in dreidimensionalen optischen Gittern ausgelegt. Fur homonukleare Systeme hat weltweit eine beeindruckende Reihe von Ergebnissen gezeigt, dass solche perfekten optischen Kristallgitter als Quantensimulatoren fur Festkorperphanomene dienen konnen. In dieser Dissertation wurde erstmalig eine Fermi-Bose Mischung in ein dreidimensionales optisches Gitter geladen. Dabei wird beobachtet, dass schon eine kleine Beimengung von fermionischen Atomen die Koharenz der bosonischen Wolke in betrachtlichem Mase beeinflusst. Diese Beobachtung ist momentan Gegenstand intensiver theoretischer Untersuchungen; es werden Beziehungen zu Thermodynamik im Gitter, Modellen in Naherung und unordnungsgetriebenen Lokalisierungsphanomenen in Festkorpern diskutiert. Als wichtiger Schritt fur heteronukleare Systeme wird die Erzeugung ultrakalter Feshbach-Molekule vorgestellt. 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Starting with the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in single-component bosonic gases and Fermi degeneracy in spin-polarized Fermi gases, the (still relatively young) field of ultracold quantum gases is rapidly expanding to studies of mixed systems. Ultimately, mixtures of different atomic species with different statistics, different trapping properties, interactions and masses open up the widest spectrum of possibilities for quantum simulation, ultracold chemistry, exotic pairing phases, disorder-related many-body physics and long-range interacting systems. This thesis presents experiments in a system of interacting quantum degenerate fermionic 40K and bosonic 87Rb atoms. An experimental setup for producing Fermi-Bose mixtures which has been set up together with S. Ospelkaus is described in detail. The observation of both bosonic and fermionic degeneracy is demonstrated; in the case of fermionic atoms, showing the quantum behavior requires thorough analysis, which is rewarded by the observation of an ideal macroscopic Fermi sea. This thesis presents mixtures with the so far largest particle numbers for the 40K-87Rb system and discusses measurements with high densities where strong mean-field contracting interaction effects affect the behavior of the mixture. Clear signatures of the mean field collapse of large mixtures are observed, the dynamics of the collapsing sample is studied and important consequences for the interaction parameters are discussed. Tuning of interactions in a harmonically trapped heteronuclear mixture by means of Feshbach resonances is demonstrated for the first time, allowing all phases of the harmonically trapped mixture to be observed: stable heteronuclear interaction and repulsion as well as phase separation and a controlled Feshbach-induced collapse. 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This PhD tutorial article is a review of our experiments on heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures at the University of Hamburg. We introduce basic properties of trapped Fermi-Bose mixtures and demonstrate the achievement of large quantum degenerate mixtures of 40K and 87Rb. Using heteronuclear Feshbach resonances, we show how the heteronuclear interaction can be tuned, allowing us to induce phase separation and collapse for large repulsive and attractive interactions, respectively. We realize Fermi-Bose mixtures in 3D optical lattices as a novel quantum many-body system and study coherence properties of the mixture. Combining our experiments on lattices and Feshbach resonances, we present the first realization of ultracold heteronuclear Feshbach molecules. The molecules are created at individual sites of a 3D optical lattice. We discuss lifetime, binding energy and rf association efficiency in terms of a universal model and give an outlook for possible future developments.
Valentin Murg Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany Ignacio Cirac Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany Frank Verstraete Fakulta¨t fu¨r Physik, Universita¨t Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria The formulation of renormalization group methods in terms of matrix product states (MPS) has the big advantage that it allows one to describe time evolution. This opens up the possibility of simulating the non-equilibrium properties of spin chains, a topic that is currently very relevant given the recent breakthroughs in creating strongly-correlated quantum spin systems, for example in optical lattices [1].