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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Polarization-Frequency Entangled Narrowband Photon Pairs

Chi Shu, Xianxin Guo, Peng Chen, M. M. T. Loy, Shengwang Du

Published Jun 10, 2015• 0 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate a robust scheme to produce narrowband biphotons with polarization-frequency-coupled entanglement from spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in laser cooled atoms with a right-angle geometry. Making use of an acousto-optic modulator and polarization-dependent two-photon interference, we create a coupled hyperentanglement between the polarization and frequency domains from unentangled SFWM photon pairs. We further demonstrate that, making use of the coupling effect, we can transfer the phase of a complex polarizer into the frequency entanglement and create a tunable two-mode frequency entangled Bell state.

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We demonstrate a robust scheme to produce narrowband biphotons with polarization-frequency-coupled entanglement from spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in laser cooled atoms with a right-angle geometry. Making use of an acousto-optic modulator and polarization-dependent two-photon interference, we create a coupled hyperentanglement between the polarization and frequency domains from unentangled SFWM photon pairs. We further demonstrate that, making use of the coupling effect, we can transfer the phase of a complex polarizer into the frequency entanglement and create a tunable two-mode frequency entangled Bell state.
We demonstrate the generation of narrowband biphotons with polarization-frequency-coupled entanglement from spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold atoms. The coupling between polarization and frequency is realized through a frequency shifter and linear optics. When the polarization-frequency degrees of freedom are decoupled, it is robust to create polarization and frequency Bell states, confirmed by the polarization quantum-state tomography and the two-photon temporal quantum beating. Making use of the polarization-frequency coupling to transfer polarization phase retardation to the entangled frequency modes, we produce a frequency Bell state with tunable phase difference between its two bases.
We demonstrate the generation of narrowband biphotons with polarization-frequency coupled hy- perentanglement from spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold atoms. The coupling between polariza- tion and frequency is realized through a frequency shifter and linear optics. When the polarization- frequency degrees of freedom are decoupled, it is robust to create polarization and frequency Bell states, confirmed by the polarization quantum-state tomography and the two-photon temporal quan- tum beating. Making use of the polarization-frequency coupling to transfer polarization phase retard to the entangled frequency modes, we produce a frequency Bell state with tunable phase difference between its two bases.
Manipulating polarization entanglement of paired photons is always of great interest for understanding the quantum nature of photons and exploring their applications in quantum information processing and quantum communication. Narrowband biphotons with polarization entanglement are especially important for a quantum network based on efficient photon–atom interactions. In most demonstrated cases, the polarization-entangled states are manipulated through the birefringent effect. In this Letter, we produce narrowband polarization-entangled biphotons from spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold atoms and demonstrate a new method to tune the phase of the polarization entanglement by varying the frequency of one of the classical driving lasers. This is achieved through two-photon interference with a path-exchange symmetry. Our result represents a precision control of polarization entanglement from the frequency domain, and may have promising applications in quantum information and precision measurement.
We demonstrate an efficient experimental scheme for producing polarization-entangled photon pairs from spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a laser-cooled (85)Rb atomic ensemble, with a bandwidth (as low as 0.8 MHz) much narrower than the rubidium atomic natural linewidth. By stabilizing the relative phase between the two SFWM paths in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, we are able to produce all four Bell states. These subnatural-linewidth photon pairs with polarization entanglement are ideal quantum information carriers for connecting remote atomic quantum nodes via efficient light-matter interaction in a photon-atom quantum network.
In this paper, a generation scheme of telecom band frequency-degenerate polarization entangled photon pairs is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. It is based on the vector spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) process in a Sagnac fiber loop, in which two frequency-degenerate and polarization orthogonal biphoton states have equal probabilities for generating along the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions. The quantum interference between them at the 50:50 fiber coupler of the fiber loop separates the two frequency-degenerate photons in a pair, leading to the generation of polarization entanglement. The raw fringe visibilities of the two-photon interferences under two non-orthogonal polarization bases are 91% and 90%, respectively. Information can be encoded on the generated photon pairs using the polarization entangled Bell states, which requires the frequency-degenerate property. It is demonstrated by a simplified Bell state measurement with a fringe visibility of 83%.