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Optica

Frequency-induced phase-tunable polarization-entangled narrowband biphotons

Peng Chen, Xianxin Guo, Chi Shu, M. M. T. Loy, Shengwang Du

Published May 14, 2015• 10 citations

Abstract

Manipulating polarization entanglement of paired photons is always of great interest for understanding the quantum nature of photons and exploring their applications in quantum information processing and quantum communication. Narrowband biphotons with polarization entanglement are especially important for a quantum network based on efficient photon–atom interactions. In most demonstrated cases, the polarization-entangled states are manipulated through the birefringent effect. In this Letter, we produce narrowband polarization-entangled biphotons from spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold atoms and demonstrate a new method to tune the phase of the polarization entanglement by varying the frequency of one of the classical driving lasers. This is achieved through two-photon interference with a path-exchange symmetry. Our result represents a precision control of polarization entanglement from the frequency domain, and may have promising applications in quantum information and precision measurement.

DOI: 10.1364/optica.2.000505

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Generation of frequency-correlated narrowband biphotons from the four-wave mixing process is theoretically analyzed through manipulating optical properties of light propagation inside a cold atomic ensemble. In contrast with the spontaneous parametric down-conversion case, we find a much looser condition, which allows producing such frequency-correlated paired photons. We propose a two-photon temporal conditional correlation measurement to detect these photons. In addition, our results provide other evidence for observing backward pulse propagation from the viewpoint of two-photon correlation measurement.

The nonclassical photon pair, generated via a parametric process, is naturally endowed with a specific form of frequency-time quantum correlations. Here, we report complete control of frequency-time quantum correlations of narrow-band biphotons generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing in a cold atomic ensemble. We have experimentally confirmed the generation of frequency-anticorrelated, frequency-correlated, and frequency-uncorrelated narrow-band biphoton states, as well as verifying the strong nonclassicality of the correlations. Our work opens up new possibilities for engineering narrow-band entangled photons for various quantum optical and quantum information applications.