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Optics Letters

Cooperative nonlinear grating sensitive to light intensity and photon correlation

Yi-Mou Liu, Xue-Dong Tian, Xin Wang, Dong Yan, Jin‐Hui Wu

Published Jan 12, 2016• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Utilizing dipole blockade of Rydberg excitations, we study an ensemble of stationary atoms driven into the four-level N configuration for achieving a new kind of electromagnetically induced grating in the presence of a traveling-wave and a standing-wave classical control fields. This grating shows cooperative optical nonlinearities as manifested by the sensitivity of output diffraction patterns to input light intensities (photon correlations) of a quantum probe field, promising then an essential opportunity for distinguishing weaker and stronger (bunched and anti-bunched) light fields.

DOI
10.1364/ol.41.000408

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2019•2 citations
Utilizing dipole blockade of Rydberg excitations, we study an ensemble of stationary atoms driven into the four-level N configuration for achieving a new kind of electromagnetically induced grating in the presence of a traveling-wave and a standing-wave classical control fields. This grating shows cooperative optical nonlinearities as manifested by the sensitivity of output diffraction patterns to input light intensities (photon correlations) of a quantum probe field, promising then an essential opportunity for distinguishing weaker and stronger (bunched and anti-bunched) light fields.
We propose a theoretical scheme for dipole exchange-induced grating (DEIG) based on a hybrid coherent atomic system. The system consists of an ultra-cold rubidium ( 87 Rb) atomic ensemble and movable Rydberg spin atoms. The optical response of the grating appears as a superposition of three- and four-level configurations, which is similar to the cooperative optical nonlinearity caused by the dipole blockade effect. The far-field diffraction properties of the cooperative optical nonlinear grating are tuned by the probe field (intensity and photon statistics). However, our Rydberg atomic grating uniquely responds to the spatial positions of spin atoms, which offers a novel approach to dynamically control electromagnetically induced gratings (EIG).
We present a scheme to realize electromagnetically induced grating in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms, which act as superatoms due to the dipole blockade mechanism. The ensemble of three-level cold Rydberg-dressed (87Rb)(^{87}\mathrm{Rb})(87Rb) atoms follows a cascade configuration where a strong standing-wave control field and a weak probe pulse are employed. The diffraction intensity is influenced by the strength of the probe intensity, the control field strength, and the van der Waals (vdW) interaction. It is noticed that relatively large first-order diffraction can be obtained for low-input intensity with a small vdW shift and a strong control field. The scheme can be considered as an amicable solution to realize the atomic grating at the microscopic level, which can provide background- and dark-current-free diffraction.
A new scheme to investigate an electromagnetically induced grating in an N-type configuration in the presence of a strong-standing coupling field, additional coherent fields, and microwave driven fields is presented. By considering the coherent population trapping (CPT) condition in a four-level microwave driven N-type atomic system, a novel nonlinear optical storage is obtained via linear absorption vanishing and giant Kerr nonlinearity during light propagation. It is revealed that nonlinear properties in this atomic medium are maximum in the CPT condition, and these nonlinear properties could be affected and modulated by means of a microwave driven field. In this condition high-phase modulated diffraction efficiency is attained. The diffraction pattern is sensitive to variables of the phase and amplitude of microwave field. Consequently one can control the efficiency of different orders of grating more conveniently. The first-order diffraction efficiency of the grating, about 45%, can be obtained by choosing optimum values for the phase and amplitude of the microwave field. It is shown that the phase and modulation grating could be controlled effectively by atomic field-radiation parameters such as the interaction length L of atomic samples and applied field detunings. It has been noted that a novel fast communication device could be obtained at the zero absorption point and on the superluminal light level.
We study the transmission properties of a probe field passing through a sample of NNN-type cold atoms possessing a high Rydberg state. Due to the conditioned dipole blockade of Rydberg excitation, this atomic sample might exhibit a nonlinear optical response in terms of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as manifested by the sensitivity of the transmitted probe intensity and correlation to input probe intensity and correlation. It is of particular interest that the nonlinear EIT response can be opposite (either normal or abnormal) in two different regions of probe detuning, which is a striking feature of the four-level N system of interacting atoms. The realization of both normal and abnormal nonlinear EIT effects in one atomic sample is expected to have wider applications in manipulation of photonic statistics of weak light signals, e.g., to attain prominent photonic bunching and/or antibunching in a dynamic quantum delay or memory process.
We propose a theoretical scheme for dipole exchange-induced grating (DEIG) based on a hybrid system consisting of ultra-cold Rubidium (87^{87}87Rb) atomic ensemble and movable Rydberg spin atoms. The optical response of the grating appears as a superposition of three- and four-level configurations, similar to the cooperative optical nonlinear effect caused by the dipole blockade effect. However, such Rydberg atomic grating uniquely responds to the spatial positions of spin atoms, offering a novel approach to dynamically control electromagnetically induced gratings (EIG) except for input probe intensity.
Transmission properties of a weak probe field traveling through a sample of interacting cold 87Rb atoms driven into the three-level ladder configuration, which is a typical Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system, are investigated. Rydberg atoms are considered to be a perfect platform in the research fields of quantum optics and quantum information processing due to some exaggerated properties of Rydberg atoms with high principal quantum number, especially, the dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms leads to the so-called dipole blockade effect accommodating at most one Rydberg excitation within a mesoscopic volume. The dipole blockade effect may be mapped onto the spectrum of EIT, and the EIT exhibits the cooperative optical nonlinearity which is usually characterized by two indicators, i.e., the probe intensity and the photonic correlation. The cooperative optical nonlinearity is also found here in the phase of transmission spectrum, and the phase can be regarded as the third indicator of nonlinearity in Rydberg EIT. However, there are tremendous differences between the phase and probe transmission (photonic correlation) though they both originate from the conditional polarization. Specifically, the phase is not sensitive to neither the incident probe intensity nor the initial photonic correlation at the resonant probe frequency under the condition of the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting where two other indicators exhibit significant cooperative nonlinearity. The nonlinearity in phase spectrum occurs only in the regime between the resonant probe frequency and the AT splitting and especially is remarkable at the frequency where the probe field is classical. Finally, influence of the principal quantum number and the atomic density on the transmitted phase are examined. In the nonlinear regime, the absolute value of the phase becomes smaller and smaller as the principal quantum number and the atomic density are raised. This indicates that the nonlinearity is strengthened by increasing them. The probe phase provides an attractive supplement to study in depth the cooperative optical nonlinearity in Rydberg EIT and offers us the considerable flexibility to manipulate the propagation and evolution of a quantum light field.