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Double dark state cooling in a three level system

Javier Cerrillo, Alex Retzker, Martin Bodo Plenio

Published Dec 29, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A detailed study of a robust and fast laser cooling scheme on a three level system is presented. A special laser configuration, applicable to trapped ions, atoms or cantilevers, designs a quantum interference that eliminates the blue sideband in addition to the carrier transition, thus excluding any heating process involving up to one-phonon processes. As a consequence cooling achieves vanishing phonon occupation up to first order in the Lamb-Dicke parameter expansion. Underlying this scheme is a combined action of two cooling schemes which makes the proposal very stable under fluctuations of the physical parameters such as laser intensity or detuning, making it a viable candidate for experimental implementation. Furthermore, it is considerably faster than existing ground state cooling schemes, overcoming one of the limitations of current quantum information processing implementations. Its suitability as a cooling scheme for several ions in a trap or for a cloud of atoms in a dipole trap is shown.

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A detailed study of a robust and fast laser cooling scheme on a three level system is presented. A special laser configuration, applicable to trapped ions, atoms or cantilevers, designs a quantum interference that eliminates the blue sideband in addition to the carrier transition, thus excluding any heating process involving up to one-phonon processes. As a consequence cooling achieves vanishing phonon occupation up to first order in the Lamb-Dicke parameter expansion. Underlying this scheme is a combined action of two cooling schemes which makes the proposal very stable under fluctuations of the physical parameters such as laser intensity or detuning, making it a viable candidate for experimental implementation. Furthermore, it is considerably faster than existing ground state cooling schemes, overcoming one of the limitations of current quantum information processing implementations. Its suitability as a cooling scheme for several ions in a trap or for a cloud of atoms in a dipole trap is shown.
We present a detailed analysis of a robust and fast laser cooling scheme [J. Cerrillo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 043003 (2010)] on a three-level system. A special laser configuration, applicable to trapped ions, atoms, or cantilevers, designs a double-path quantum interference that eliminates the blue sideband in addition to the carrier transition, thus excluding any heating process involving up to one-phonon interactions. As a consequence, cooling achieves vanishing phonon occupation up to first order in the Lamb-Dicke parameter expansion. Underlying this scheme is a combined action of two cooling schemes which makes the proposal very flexible under constraints of the physical parameters such as laser intensity, detuning, or optical access, making it a viable candidate for experimental implementation. Furthermore, it is considerably faster than existing ground state cooling schemes. Its suitability as a cooling scheme for several ions in a trap and three-dimensional cooling is shown.
In this thesis novel methods for the laser cooling of quantum systems are presented. The use of quantum interference allows for the tailored cancelation of heating processes, so that an approximation to a cooling operator is possible that does not rely on the rotating wave approximation. This makes these schemes considerably faster and more efficient than existing ground state cooling methods, and allow for a significant relaxation of current experimental constraints. Several approaches are investigated in different systems. On the one hand, a special laser configuration, applicable to trapped ions, atoms or cantilevers, generates a double dark state that eliminates both the blue sideband and the carrier transition. As a consequence, vanishing phonon occupation up to first order in the perturbative expansion is achieved. Underlying this scheme is a combined action of two cooling schemes which makes the proposal very stable under parameter fluctuations. Its suitability as a cooling scheme for several ions in a trap or for a cloud of atoms in a dipole trap is shown. On the other hand, a pulsed cooling scheme for optomechanical systems is presented. It can be implemented for both strongly and weakly coupled optomechanical systems in both weakly and highly dissipative cavities. Its underlying mechanism is based on interferometric control of optomechanical interactions, and its efficiency is demonstrated with pulse sequences that are obtained by using methods from optimal control. Finally, it is shown how this pulsed method can be combined with continuous measurement to drive mechanical oscillators to highly squeezed steady states. Its mechanism relies on the modification of the dissipation and measurement terms, which drive the system towards a specific quadrature eigenstate. The scheme is robust to measurement inefficiencies and works also with highly dissipative cavities, which makes it accessible to implementation with state of the art technology.
We discuss a laser cooling scheme for trapped atoms or ions which is based on double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and makes use of a four-level atom in tripod configuration. The additional fourth atomic state is coupled by a strong coupling laser field to the usual three-level setup of single-EIT cooling. This effectively allows to create two EIT structures in the absorption spectrum of the system to be cooled, which may be controlled by the coupling laser field parameters to cancel both the carrier- and the blue-sideband excitations. In leading order of the Lamb-Dicke expansion, this suppresses all heating processes. As a consequence, the double-EIT scheme can be used to lower the cooling limit by almost two powers of the Lamb-Dicke parameter as compared to single-EIT cooling.
We discuss a laser cooling scheme for trapped atoms or ions which is based on double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and makes use of a four-level atom in tripod configuration. The additional fourth atomic state is coupled by a strong-coupling laser field to the upper state of the usual three-level setup of single-EIT cooling. This effectively allows to create two EIT structures in the absorption spectrum of the system to be cooled, which may be controlled by the coupling laser field parameters to cancel both the carrier- and the blue-sideband excitations. In leading order of the Lamb-Dicke expansion, this suppresses all heating processes. As a consequence, the double-EIT scheme can be used to lower the cooling limit by a factor of order of the Lamb-Dicke parameter squared as compared to single-EIT cooling.