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Chinese Physics Letters

Decoherence of Superradiant Scattering from Atoms without Confinement

Ming-Xuan Wen, Linxiao Niu, Zhong-Kai Wang, Yueyang Zhai, Xuzong Chen, Xiaoji Zhou

Published Jun 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the decoherence of superradiant Rayleigh scattering from condensed atoms without confinement, by using two same pumping pulses with an interval time. The first pulse is to establish a matter-wave grating, and the coherence between different momentum modes is measured by the second pulse after a variable interval time. Different from the case in the trap, the distruction of the grating owing to the phase perturbation is very fast, and the superradiant process is inhibited very soon afterwards for released atoms. A semi-classical model is applied to simulate this phase perturbation, and the calculation agrees with our experimental results.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/30/6/060304

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We study the decoherence of superradiant Rayleigh scattering from condensed atoms without confinement, by using two same pumping pulses with an interval time. The first pulse is to establish a matter-wave grating, and the coherence between different momentum modes is measured by the second pulse after a variable interval time. Different from the case in the trap, the distruction of the grating owing to the phase perturbation is very fast, and the superradiant process is inhibited very soon afterwards for released atoms. A semi-classical model is applied to simulate this phase perturbation, and the calculation agrees with our experimental results.
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Due to its coherence properties and high optical depth, a Bose–Einstein condensate [BEC] provides an ideal setting to investigate collective atom-light interactions. Superradiant light scattering [SLS] in a BEC is a fascinating example of such an interaction. It is an analogous process to Dicke superradiance, in which an electronically inverted sample decays collectively, leading to the emission of one or more light pulses in a well-defined direction. Through time-resolved measurements of the superradiant light pulses emitted by an end-pumped BEC, we study the close connection of SLS with Dicke superradiance. A 1D model of the system yields good agreement with the experimental data and shows that the dynamics result from the structures that build up in the light and matter-wave fields along the BEC. This paves the way for exploiting the atom–photon correlations generated by the superradiance.
Based on the earlier model, the superradiant Rayleigh scattering of the high-intensity short light pulses by the Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium vapor is studied. It is demonstrated that only six states with a certain momentum are filled when the resonance detuning is about the Rabi frequency. The first two states describe the atomic motion along the condensate due to absorption, whereas the remaining four states describe the atomic motions at angles of 45° and 135° to the condensate axis owing to the reemission of the photon. The condensate pulsations between the state with zero momentum and the last four states are revealed. The corresponding shape of the coherent Rayleigh pulse is found for various resonance detunings.
In this paper, we consider two models which exhibit equilibrium BEC superradiance. They are related to two different types of superradiant scattering observed in recent experiments. The first one corresponds to the amplification of matter waves due to Raman superradiant scattering from a BE condensate, when the recoiled and the condensed atoms are in different internal states. The main mechanism is stimulated Raman scattering in two-level atoms, which occurs in a superradiant way. Our second model is related to the superradiant Rayleigh scattering from a BE condensate. This again leads to a matter-wave amplification but now with the recoiled atoms in the same state as the atoms in the condensate. Here the recoiling atoms are able to interfere with the condensate at rest to form a matter-wave grating (interference fringes ) which is observed experimentally.
The superradiant Rayleigh scattering of high-intensity light pulses by the Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium vapor is studied using the model proposed earlier. It is demonstrated that four states with a certain momentum are occupied under the experimental conditions (two states correspond to the forward recoil and two others correspond to the backward recoil). Condensate pulsations between the zero-momentum state and the above states are detected and studied. The corresponding shape of the coherent Rayleigh pulse is found.
Based on the earlier model, the superradiant Rayleigh scattering of the high-intensity short light pulses by the Bose- Einstein condensate of rubidium vapor is studied. It is demonstrated that only six states with a certain momentum are filled when the resonance detuning is about the Rabi frequency. The first two states describe the atomic motion along the condensate due to absorption, whereas the remaining four states describe the atomic motions at angles of 450 and 1350 to the condensate axis owing to the reemission of the photon. The condensate pulsations between the state with zero momentum and the last four states are revealed. The corresponding shape of the coherent Rayleigh pulse is found for various resonance detunings.