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Resonance quantum switch: matching domains

B. S. Pavlov

Published Jan 1, 2002• 4 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum Switch is one of most important elements of quantum networks, see, for instance [53, 54, 55]. In the present paper mathematical modeling of the Resonance Quantum Switch is reduced to the solution of the corresponding Scattering Problem on a network consisting of a quantum well and few quantum wires attached to it. In a simplest practical problem the roles of quantum wires are played by straight rectangular channels and the role of the quantum well is played by a circular domain, with the boundary having no flat pieces to match the rectangular channels. We suggest a procedure of matching the rectangular channels and a general convex domain with piecewise smooth boundary. The matching problem is reduced to some finite-dimensional equation with matrix-functions. Important spectral characteristics of the above scattering problem such as positions and life-times of resonances may be found numerically from the corresponding determinant condition or via asymptotic analysis — for sufficiently narrow channels.

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Kirchhoff's Rule for Quantum Wires. II: The Inverse Problem with Possible Applications to Quantum Computers

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In this article we continue our investigations of one particle quantum scattering theory for Schrödinger operators on a set of connected (idealized one-dimensional) wires forming a graph with an arbitrary number of open ends. The Hamiltonian is given as minus the Laplace operator with suitable linear boundary conditions at the vertices (the local Kirchhoff law). In “Kirchhoff's rule for quantum wires” [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 32, 595–630 (1999)] we provided an explicit algebraic expression for the resulting (on-shell) S-matrix in terms of the boundary conditions and the lengths of the internal lines and we also proved its unitarity. Here we address the inverse problem in the simplest context with one vertex only but with an arbitrary number of open ends. We provide an explicit formula for the boundary conditions in terms of the S-matrix at a fixed, prescribed energy. We show that any unitary n × n matrix may be realized as the S-matrix at a given energy by choosing appropriate (unique) boundary conditions. This might possibly be used for the design of elementary gates in quantum computing. As an illustration we calculate the boundary conditions associated to the unitary operators of some elementary gates for quantum computers and raise the issue whether in general the unitary operators associated to quantum gates should rather be viewed as scattering operators instead of time evolution operators for a given time associated to a quantum mechanical Hamiltonian. We also suggest an approach by which the S-matrix in our context may be obtained from “scattering experiments”, another aspect of the inverse problem. Finally we extend our previous discussion, how our approach is related to von Neumann's theory of selfadjoint extensions.

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The Hermitian properties of the Hamiltonian are related not only to the operator itself but also to the functions on which it acts. Hermitian Hamiltonians operate on functions in the L 2 Hilbert space which correspond to boundary conditions which vanish at infinity. In this chapter, in order to move into the non-Hermitian domain, we will impose on the solutions to the time-independent Schrödinger equation (TISE) different boundary conditions which lead to solutions which can be associated with different types of the complex poles of the scattering matrix. These solutions will contain information which was not available within the scope of functions in L 2 . By imposing outgoing boundary conditions on the eigenfunctions of the timeindependent Hamiltonian complex eigenvalues, E res = ε − (i/2)Г, are obtained. These complex energies are associated with decaying resonance states which were discussed in the previous two chapters. The bound states (if they exist) appear as real eigenvalues since they result from exactly such outgoing boundary conditions which appear under the threshold energy. When incoming boundary conditions are imposed two kind of solution are obtained. One type of solution is the complex conjugates of the decay resonance solutions mentioned above. In scattering theory text books (see Taylor for example) the physical resonance solutions are associated with the poles of the scattering matrix which are embedded in the lower half of the complex energy plane. However, in nuclear physics the complex poles embedded in the upper half of the complex energy plane, so-called virtual states , are denoted as capture resonances .

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Feb 17, 2011•0 citations

Resonance Triadic Quantum Switch

Anna B. Mikhaylova, B. S. Pavlov

The mathematical design of a realistic three-position quantum switch controlled by the classical electric field is suggested in form of a circular quantum well — a unit disc on a plane with four straight channels attached to it. This device implements a triple splitting of an input waveguide. The magnitude of the constant electric field directed parallel to the disc may be defined such that rotation of this field in the plane of the device permits manipulation of the electron current through the triple splitting. The problem of calculating of the current through the switch is reduced to the construction of scattered waves for the Schrödinger operator on the corresponding composite domain with the homogeneous Dirichlet conditions on the boundary. The Dirichlet boundary conditions are found to correspond most closely to real experimental conditions on the boundary of a deep quantum well. Explicit expression for transmission coefficient from one channel to another is obtained. Technically the analysis of the corresponding infinitely-dimensional spectral problem is reduced to the analysis of a relevant finite-dimensional analytic matrix function. We estimate the errors that arise from replacement of infinite-dimensional operator by the finite matrix. Our main result is the calculation of the working point of the switch in the multi-dimensional space of the numerical parameters of the switch which permits the resonance manipulation of the current. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Birkhäuser Basel eBooks•Jan 1, 2002•3 citations
Quantum Switch is one of most important elements of quantum networks, see, for instance [53, 54, 55]. In the present paper mathematical modeling of the Resonance Quantum Switch is reduced to the solution of the corresponding Scattering Problem on a network consisting of a quantum well and few quantum wires attached to it. In a simplest practical problem the roles of quantum wires are played by straight rectangular channels and the role of the quantum well is played by a circular domain, with the boundary having no flat pieces to match the rectangular channels. We suggest a procedure of matching the rectangular channels and a general convex domain with piecewise smooth boundary. The matching problem is reduced to some finite-dimensional equation with matrix-functions. Important spectral characteristics of the above scattering problem such as positions and life-times of resonances may be found numerically from the corresponding determinant condition or via asymptotic analysis — for sufficiently narrow channels.
Abstract One usually assumes that the Schrödinger operator on a thin quantum network (“fattened graph”) can be simulated by the ordinary Schrödinger operator on the corresponding one-dimensional quantum graph. On the other hand, each quantum graph can be constructed of standard elements – star graphs. We prove that a thin star-shaped quantum network which consists of a compact domain and a few straight semi-infinite quantum wires, with a two-dimensional Schrödinger operator on it, can be simulated by the corresponding solvable model in form of a one-dimensional star graph: an outer space, with an ordinary Schrödinger operator on the leads, a resonance vertex supplied with an inner space and a finite matrix in it and an appropriate boundary condition connecting the inner and outer components of elements from the domain of the model. The model is (locally) quantitatively consistent: the scattering matrix of the model on a certain spectral interval serves an approximation of the scattering matrix of the network. The role of the constructed star-graph model as a “jump-start” in analytic perturbation procedure on continuous spectrum is discussed.
A simple solvable model of two-channel inelastic scattering is constructed. The contact-type interaction is realized mathematically by a self-adjoint extension; if the interchannel interaction is switched off it reduces to one point interaction in each channel. The scattering matrix is calculated and the bound states and resonances are found in the weak-coupling case. The decay of the resonance state is also considered; it is shown that the asymptotic behaviour of the non-exponential corrections to the decay law depends substantially on the spectrum of the unperturbed system
In this article we continue our investigations of one particle quantum scattering theory for Schroedinger operators on a set of connected (idealized one-dimensional) wires forming a graph with an arbitrary number of open ends. The Hamiltonian is given as minus the Laplace operator with suitable linear boundary conditions at the vertices (the local Kirchhoff law). In ``Kirchhoff's rule for quantum wires'' [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 32, 595 - 630 (1999)] we provided an explicit algebraic expression for the resulting (on-shell) S-matrix in terms of the boundary conditions and the lengths of the internal lines and we also proved its unitarity. Here we address the inverse problem in the simplest context with one vertex only but with an arbitrary number of open ends. We provide an explicit formula for the boundary conditions in terms of the S-matrix at a fixed, prescribed energy. We show that any unitary n×nn\times nn×n matrix may be realized as the S-matrix at a given energy by choosing appropriate (unique) boundary conditions. This might possibly be used for the design of elementary gates in quantum computing. As an illustration we calculate the boundary conditions associated to the unitary operators of some elementary gates for quantum computers and raise the issue whether in general the unitary operators associated to quantum gates should rather be viewed as scattering operators instead of time evolution operators for a given time associated to a quantum mechanical Hamiltonian.
In this article we continue our investigations of one particle quantum scattering theory for Schrödinger operators on a set of connected (idealized one-dimensional) wires forming a graph with an arbitrary number of open ends. The Hamiltonian is given as minus the Laplace operator with suitable linear boundary conditions at the vertices (the local Kirchhoff law). In “Kirchhoff's rule for quantum wires” [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 32, 595–630 (1999)] we provided an explicit algebraic expression for the resulting (on-shell) S-matrix in terms of the boundary conditions and the lengths of the internal lines and we also proved its unitarity. Here we address the inverse problem in the simplest context with one vertex only but with an arbitrary number of open ends. We provide an explicit formula for the boundary conditions in terms of the S-matrix at a fixed, prescribed energy. We show that any unitary n × n matrix may be realized as the S-matrix at a given energy by choosing appropriate (unique) boundary conditions. This might possibly be used for the design of elementary gates in quantum computing. As an illustration we calculate the boundary conditions associated to the unitary operators of some elementary gates for quantum computers and raise the issue whether in general the unitary operators associated to quantum gates should rather be viewed as scattering operators instead of time evolution operators for a given time associated to a quantum mechanical Hamiltonian. We also suggest an approach by which the S-matrix in our context may be obtained from “scattering experiments”, another aspect of the inverse problem. Finally we extend our previous discussion, how our approach is related to von Neumann's theory of selfadjoint extensions.
The Hermitian properties of the Hamiltonian are related not only to the operator itself but also to the functions on which it acts. Hermitian Hamiltonians operate on functions in the L 2 Hilbert space which correspond to boundary conditions which vanish at infinity. In this chapter, in order to move into the non-Hermitian domain, we will impose on the solutions to the time-independent Schrödinger equation (TISE) different boundary conditions which lead to solutions which can be associated with different types of the complex poles of the scattering matrix. These solutions will contain information which was not available within the scope of functions in L 2 . By imposing outgoing boundary conditions on the eigenfunctions of the timeindependent Hamiltonian complex eigenvalues, E res = ε − (i/2)Г, are obtained. These complex energies are associated with decaying resonance states which were discussed in the previous two chapters. The bound states (if they exist) appear as real eigenvalues since they result from exactly such outgoing boundary conditions which appear under the threshold energy. When incoming boundary conditions are imposed two kind of solution are obtained. One type of solution is the complex conjugates of the decay resonance solutions mentioned above. In scattering theory text books (see Taylor for example) the physical resonance solutions are associated with the poles of the scattering matrix which are embedded in the lower half of the complex energy plane. However, in nuclear physics the complex poles embedded in the upper half of the complex energy plane, so-called virtual states , are denoted as capture resonances .
The mathematical design of a realistic three-position quantum switch controlled by the classical electric field is suggested in form of a circular quantum well — a unit disc on a plane with four straight channels attached to it. This device implements a triple splitting of an input waveguide. The magnitude of the constant electric field directed parallel to the disc may be defined such that rotation of this field in the plane of the device permits manipulation of the electron current through the triple splitting. The problem of calculating of the current through the switch is reduced to the construction of scattered waves for the Schrödinger operator on the corresponding composite domain with the homogeneous Dirichlet conditions on the boundary. The Dirichlet boundary conditions are found to correspond most closely to real experimental conditions on the boundary of a deep quantum well. Explicit expression for transmission coefficient from one channel to another is obtained. Technically the analysis of the corresponding infinitely-dimensional spectral problem is reduced to the analysis of a relevant finite-dimensional analytic matrix function. We estimate the errors that arise from replacement of infinite-dimensional operator by the finite matrix. Our main result is the calculation of the working point of the switch in the multi-dimensional space of the numerical parameters of the switch which permits the resonance manipulation of the current. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.