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Chinese Optics Letters

Observation of 1S0-3P0 transition of bosonic strontium in the Lamb-Dicke regime

Qinfang Xu Qinfang Xu, Hui Liu, Benquan Lu, Yebing Wang, Mo-Juan Yin, Dehuan Kong, Jie Ren, Xiao Tian, Hong Chang

Published Jan 1, 2015• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report experiments on the observation of the 1 S 0 -3 P 0 transition spectrum of 88 Sr in the Lamb-Dicke regime.After going through a two-stage magneto-optical trap (MOT), 88 Sr cold atoms with number of about 1 × 10 5 and a longitudinal temperature of 8.4 μK are loaded into a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice, which is realized with a semiconductor laser at 813.4 nm.Using the magnetic field-inducing 3 P 1 state mixing into 3 P 0 state, the spectroscopy of the 1 S 0 -3 P 0 transition with a linewidth of 180 Hz is detected.

DOI
10.3788/col201513.100201

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2018•1 citation
We report experiments on the observation of the 1 S 0 -3 P 0 transition spectrum of 88 Sr in the Lamb-Dicke regime.After going through a two-stage magneto-optical trap (MOT), 88 Sr cold atoms with number of about 1 × 10 5 and a longitudinal temperature of 8.4 μK are loaded into a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice, which is realized with a semiconductor laser at 813.4 nm.Using the magnetic field-inducing 3 P 1 state mixing into 3 P 0 state, the spectroscopy of the 1 S 0 -3 P 0 transition with a linewidth of 180 Hz is detected.
We present our experiment on magnetic field induced spectroscopy of the 1 S 0 − 3 P 0 transition of 88 Sr atoms with a 10 Hz linewidth laser. The 88 Sr atoms are cooled by two stage laser cooling. After the second stage narrow line laser cooling, the temperature of the atoms is reduced to ∼3 μK. The atoms are then loaded into an 813 nm one-dimensional optical lattice. A homemade 698 nm laser with 10 Hz linewidth and maximum intensity of more than 100 W/cm 2 is used to probe the 88 Sr atoms in the lattice. By means of a magnetic field of ∼1 mT and a probe laser with 50 ms pulse and ∼6 W/cm 2 intensity, the Doppler free 88 Sr 1 S 0 − 3 P 0 transition spectrum with a linewidth of 208 Hz is obtained.
The optical lattice clock with neutral atoms occupies an outstanding position in the research field of atomic clocks, demonstrating the great potential of its performance (like the uncertainty and the stability). At present, the optical lattice clock has realized a 10-18 level of its uncertainty. In this paper, we present the realization of loading bosonic atoms 88Sr (strontium, alkaline-earth metals) into a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice in our laboratory. The optical lattice where the atoms are trapped can make the energy level shift, called Stark shift. But there is the special optical lattice operating at the “magic” wavelength for clock transitions (5s2) 1S0-(5s5p) 3P0, which can make the same Stark light-shift for both of them, indicating a zero light-shift relative to the clock. In our experiment, Sr atoms are cooled in a two-stage cooling and its temperature can be as low as 2 μK. Then these cold atoms are confined in the Lamb-Dicke region by the lattice laser output from an amplified diode laser operating at the “magic” wavelength, 813 nm. Experimentally, it is straightforward to provide 850 mW of lattice power focused to a 38 μm beam radius. After the cold atoms have trapped in the optical lattice, the lifetime of atoms in 1D optical lattice is measured to be 270 ms. The temperature and the number are about 3.5 μK and 1.2×105 respectively. Besides, effects of the power of the lattice laser on both the number and temperature are analyzed. The number changes linearly with the laser power, while there is no obvious influence on the temperature by the power. This original and special approach for atoms trapped in the optical lattice can provide a long interrogation time for probing the clock transition. Furthermore, it may be the foundation for developing our optical lattice clock of strontium atoms.
We report our observation of the spin polarized 1 S 0 → 3 P 0 clock transition spectrum in an optical lattice clock based on fermionic 87 Sr. The atoms are trapped and pre-cooled to about 2 μK with two stages of laser cooling at 461 nm and 689 nm, respectively. Then the atoms are loaded into an optical lattice formed by the interference of counter-propagating laser beams at 813 nm. An external cavity diode laser at 698 nm, which is stabilized to a high finesse cavity with a linewidth of about 5 Hz and a drift rate of less than 0.2 Hz/s, is used to excite the atoms to the 3 P 0 state. The π-polarized clock transition spectrum of resolvable m F states is obtained by applying a small bias magnetic field along the polarization axis of the probe beam. A spin polarized clock transition spectrum as narrow as 10 Hz with an 80 ms probe pulse is obtained.
We report the experimental realization of strontium magneto-optical trap (MOT) operating on the intercombination transition 1 S 0 − 3 P 1 at 689 nm, namely red MOT. A 689 nm laser used for cooling and trapping is injection locked to a master laser, whose linewidth is narrowed to 150 Hz by locking to a high finesse optical reference cavity. 88 Sr atoms pre-cooled and trapped by the broad 1 S 0 − 1 P 1 transition at 461 nm are transferred to the red MOT with the help of a time sequence controller. The transfer ratio is about 20% and the red MOT's temperature is estimated to be less than 20 μK by the time-of-flight (TOF) image analysis.
We demonstrate a spin-polarized clock transition spectrum of the 87Sr optical lattice clock. The clock transition 5s2 1S05s5p 3P0 of isotope 87Sr has a hyperfine structure due to non-zero nuclear spin, inducing ten -polarized transitions from each individual mF state under the condition of a bias magnetic field along the probing polarization axis. In this experiment, atoms are driven to a certain mF state by a circular-polarization pump light to maximize the atomic population, which is beneficial to the stability and uncertainty evaluation of the optical lattice clock. After two stages cooling and trapping, about 3.5106 atoms are trapped in the red magneto-optical trap with a temperature of 3.9 K. A grating-feedback external cavity diode laser with a tapered amplifier is used to build the optical lattice with a magic-wavelength of 813.426 nm. Both waists of the counter-propagating lattice beam along the horizontal direction are overlapped to form a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. The lifetime of the atoms trapped in the 1D optical lattice is 1600 ms. The clock laser at 698 nm is a grating-feedback diode laser, which is locked to an ultra-low expansion cavity by the Pound-Drever-Hall technique to stabilize the frequency and phase. As a result, the linewidth of clock laser is narrowed to Hz level. By the normalized shelving method, we obtain a resolved sideband spectrum of 87Sr 5s2 1S05s5p 3P0 transition. According to the spectrum, the lattice temperature along the longitudinal direction is approximately 4.2 K. After that a linewidth of 6.7 Hz of the degenerate clock transition is obtained at a probing time of 150 ms by utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) bias magnetic field, which is used to eliminate the stray magnetic fields. Then a small bias magnetic field of 300 mGs is applied along the polarization axis of the lattice light to achieve the spectrum of Zeeman magnetic sublevels of the clock transition. Furthermore, the mF=+9/2 and mF=-9/2 magnetic sublevels are picked to be respectively pumped by the +-polarized and --polarized light at 689 nm, a variable liquid crystal wave plate is employed to switch on both polarizations. Finally, the spin polarized clock transition spectrum is obtained at the interrogating pulse of 150 ms, and the linewidths of the mF=+9/2, mF=-9/2 magnetic sublevel transitions are 6.8 Hz and 6.2 Hz respectively.