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Optics Express

Quantum entanglement distillation with metamaterials

Md. Abdullah al Farooqui, Justin Breeland, Muhammad Imran Aslam, Mehdi Sadatgol, Şahin Kaya Özdemir, Mark Tame, Lan Yang, Durdu Ö. Güney

Published Jul 1, 2015• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for the distillation of partially entangled two-photon Bell and three-photon W states using metamaterials. The distillation of partially entangled Bell states is achieved by using two metamaterials with polarization dependence, one of which is rotated by π/2 around the direction of propagation of the photons. On the other hand, the distillation of three-photon W states is achieved by using one polarization dependent metamaterial and two polarization independent metamaterials. Upon transmission of the photons of the partially entangled states through the metamaterials the entanglement of the states increases and they become distilled. This work opens up new directions in quantum optical state engineering by showing how metamaterials can be used to carry out a quantum information processing task.

DOI
10.1364/oe.23.017941

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We propose a scheme for the distillation of partially entangled two-photon Bell and three-photon W states using metamaterials. The distillation of partially entangled Bell states is achieved by using two metamaterials with polarization dependence, one of which is rotated by π/2 around the direction of propagation of the photons. On the other hand, the distillation of three-photon W states is achieved by using one polarization dependent metamaterial and two polarization independent metamaterials. Upon transmission of the photons of the partially entangled states through the metamaterials the entanglement of the states increases and they become distilled. This work opens up new directions in quantum optical state engineering by showing how metamaterials can be used to carry out a quantum information processing task.
Plasmonics is a rapidly emerging platform for quantum state engineering with the potential for building ultra-compact and hybrid optoelectronic devices. Recent experiments have shown that despite the presence of decoherence and loss, photon statistics and entanglement can be preserved in single plasmonic systems. This preserving ability should carry over to plasmonic metamaterials, whose properties are the result of many individual plasmonic systems acting collectively, and can be used to engineer optical states of light. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of quantum state filtering, also known as entanglement distillation, using a metamaterial. We show that the metamaterial can be used to distill highly entangled states from less entangled states. As the metamaterial can be integrated with other optical components this work opens up the intriguing possibility of incorporating plasmonic metamaterials in on-chip quantum state engineering tasks.
Plasmonics is a rapidly emerging platform for quantum state engineering with the potential for building ultra-compact and hybrid optoelectronic devices. Recent experiments have shown that despite the presence of decoherence and loss, photon statistics and entanglement can be preserved in single plasmonic systems. This preserving ability should carry over to plasmonic metamaterials, whose properties are the result of many individual plasmonic systems acting collectively, and can be used to engineer optical states of light. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of quantum state filtering, also known as entanglement distillation, using a metamaterial. We show that the metamaterial can be used to distill highly entangled states from less entangled states. As the metamaterial can be integrated with other optical components this work opens up the intriguing possibility of incorporating plasmonic metamaterials in on-chip quantum state engineering tasks.
By using the Green-function approach to the quantization of the electromagnetic field, the procrustean distillation for quantum entanglement by the anisotropic magnetodielectric metamaterial has been proposed. We study the distillation of the non-maximally entangled pure states by a single layer of the anisotropic magnetodielectric metamaterial. The Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt parameter S for the entangled pure state has been calculated theoretically. It is shown that near the resonant peak of transmission for the y-polarized photon, the parameter S for the output states get the maximal value. Near the resonant peak of the transmission for the x-polarized photon, the entanglement of the output state is lower than the input state. For the frequency far from the resonant peak, the entanglement of the output state is dependent on the input state. Finally we find that the maximally entangled output is always appearing near the resonant frequency of the transmission for the y-polarized photon, no matter how low the entanglement of the input state is. This means that our method to realize the quantum distillation is effective.
Entanglement distillation has many applications in quantum information processing and is an important tool for improving the quality and efficiency of quantum communication, cryptography, computing, and simulation. We propose an entanglement distillation scheme using only one pair of polarization-frequency hyperentangled photons, which can be equivalently viewed as containing two pairs of entangled logical qubits: a pair of polarization-entangled qubits and a pair of frequency-entangled qubits. To perform the required CNOT operation between the two qubits we consider the use of a polarization-dependent frequency converter. Compared to past methods of entanglement distillation that relied on polarization and spatial-mode/energy-time degree of freedom, the utilization of frequency-encoded qubits offers an advantage in that it is immune to bit-flip errors when the channel is linear. After distillation, the fidelity of polarization entanglement can be significantly improved by sacrificing the frequency degree of freedom. Through simulation, we show that high fidelity gains, large yield, and high distillation rate can be achieved. Our distillation scheme is simple to implement with current technologies, compatible with existing telecommunication fiber networks, and is a promising approach for achieving efficient quantum communication.
The entanglement between Gaussian entangled states can be increased by non-Gaussian operations. We design a new scheme, named coherent photon addition, which can coherently add one photon generated by a spontaneous parametric down-conversation process to Gaussian quadrature-entangled light pulses created by a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier. This operation can increase the entanglement of input two-mode Gaussian states as an entanglement distillation, and provides us with a new method of non-Gaussian operation. This scheme can also help us to study the decoherence of adding one- to two-mode Gaussian states from coherent photon addition to normal photon addition.
With linear optical components to manipulate quantum states of optical fields,the quantum entanglement control and quantum communication can be implemented remotely.By analyzing optical splitter and its use of coherent states,it was found that when the initial state was a direct product of two partially entangled coherent states;another two modes would collapse to a new entangled state using optical splitter and photon-detectors on two modes.Based on this feature,the scheme on entanglement concentration was presented.In this scheme,the two partially entangled coherent states were utilized as the quantum channel,when zero photon and odd photons were detected in two modes separately,and another two modes would collapse to the maximum entangled state,thereby completing the process of the entanglement concentration.It was proved that,no matter how small the initial entanglement is,to distill some maximally entangled states from partially entangled pure states is possible.