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Chinese Physics B

Electromagnetically induced transparency based six-wave mixing in a Doppler-broadened folded four-level system

Jinyan Niu, Li-Ya Pei, Ling-An Wu, Panming Fu

Published Nov 1, 2010• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study phase-conjugate six-wave mixing spectroscopy based on electromagnetically-induced-transparency in a Doppler-broadened folded four-level system. It is found that the six-wave mixing spectrum can be either Doppler-free or very broad, depending on whether the interference between the polarisations of atoms with different velocities is constructive or destructive. To obtain the Doppler-free six-wave mixing spectrum in the folded four-level system, the conditions are more stringent in comparison with those in the cascade and N -type four-level systems. This polarisation interference can be controlled in the presence of a strong coupling field.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/19/11/113209

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We study phase-conjugate six-wave mixing spectroscopy based on electromagnetically-induced-transparency in a Doppler-broadened folded four-level system. It is found that the six-wave mixing spectrum can be either Doppler-free or very broad, depending on whether the interference between the polarisations of atoms with different velocities is constructive or destructive. To obtain the Doppler-free six-wave mixing spectrum in the folded four-level system, the conditions are more stringent in comparison with those in the cascade and N -type four-level systems. This polarisation interference can be controlled in the presence of a strong coupling field.
We study six-wave mixing (SWM) spectroscopy based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened cascade four-level system. It is found that the SWM spectra are extremely sensitive to the configuration of the incident beams, where the linewidth can be either Doppler-free or very broad, due to the polarization interference of atoms of different velocities. This polarization interference can be controlled in the presence of a strong coupling field. Moreover, SWM can be employed as a new type of Doppler-free Autler–Townes (AT) spectroscopy, which has better spectral resolution than conventional AT spectroscopy. Finally, we also reveal the intrinsic connection between frequency-domain SWM spectroscopy and time-domain photon echoes through studying the time-domain correspondence of SWM.
In nonlinear atomic gaseous media the interference between independent macroscopic polarizations of different ensembles within the atomic velocity distribution can lead to anomalous behavior of the multiwave mixing spectra. For phase-conjugate six-wave mixing (SWM) in a Doppler-broadened N-type four-level system, it is found that the SWM spectrum can be either Doppler-free or very broad, depending on the directions of the incident beams and the ratios between the magnitudes of the wave vectors. This polarization interference can be controlled by the strong coupling field which, on the other hand, can induce Autler-Townes (AT) splitting when the SWM spectrum is Doppler-free. This technique may find special applications as an improved form of AT spectroscopy with higher resolution.
We study the electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler-broadened cascaded three-level system. We decompose the susceptibility responsible for the EIT resonance into a linear and a nonlinear part, and the EIT resonance reflects mainly the characteristics of the nonlinear susceptibility. It is found that the macroscopic polarization interference effect plays a crucial role in determining the EIT resonance spectrum. To obtain a Doppler-free spectrum there must be polarization interference between atoms of different velocities. A dressed-state model, which analyzes the velocities at which the atoms are in resonance with the dressed states through Doppler frequency shifting, is employed to explain the results.
The evolution of enhanced four-wave mixing based on Raman coherence as the probe intensity increases is observed experimentally in an 85 R b atomic vapor system. We propose that for a Doppler-broadened Λ -type level system, the generated anti-Stokes field from one-photon resonance will be suppressed by the dressed-states resonance and can be controlled by the probe intensity, which influences the effective transverse relaxation rate of Raman coherence. When the probe field is not so weak, the double resonance for dressed states will greatly suppress the anti-Stokes emission at the central frequency, and the signal peak will be split. We show that this phenomenon is a result of the destructive polarization interference between atoms with different velocities from the two types of resonance. Based on our model, we present a new, to the best of our knowledge, interpretation of four-wave mixing enhancement in the conventional Λ -type electromagnetically induced transparency system.
A scheme of high-efficiency four-wave mixing (FWM) is discussed in the case of an atomic medium in a six-level configuration via two electromagnetically induced transparencies (EIT) and a multiphoton destructive interference induced transparency. By adjusting the intensity of the microwave field, an increase of several orders in the conversion efficiency of FWM can be obtained. Our scheme may provide new possibilities for technological applications such as nonlinear spectroscopy at very low light intensity, quantum single-photon nonlinear optics and quantum information science.