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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Effect of photonic density of states on spin-flip induced fluorescence contrast in diamond nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (Presentation Recording)

Mikhail Y. Shalaginov, Simeon Bogdanov, Jing Liu, Alexei Lagutchev, Alexander V. Kildishev, Dimitrios Peroulis, Joseph Irudayaraj, Alexandra E. Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev

Published Oct 5, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Diamond based nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are promising solid state defects for applications in quantum information technologies. On the one hand, there is a growing interest in enhancing their single-photon emission by coupling them to plasmonic structures. On the other hand, the dependence of emission intensity on the electron spin state enables room temperature quantum information readout. We study the fluorescence contrast resulting from the spin resonance in the conditions of an increased photonic density of states. Fluorescence observations from NV center ensembles in diamond nanocrystals coupled to structures supporting plasmonic modes experimentally confirm the analytical results.

DOI
10.1117/12.2187485

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Diamond based nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are promising solid state defects for applications in quantum information technologies. On the one hand, there is a growing interest in enhancing their single-photon emission by coupling them to plasmonic structures. On the other hand, the dependence of emission intensity on the electron spin state enables room temperature quantum information readout. We study the fluorescence contrast resulting from the spin resonance in the conditions of an increased photonic density of states. Fluorescence observations from NV center ensembles in diamond nanocrystals coupled to structures supporting plasmonic modes experimentally confirm the analytical results.
Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond allow coherent spin state manipulation and optical readout at room temperature, which has powerful applications in nanoscale sensing. Nanophotonic structures such as plasmonic waveguides, nanoantennae, metamaterials, and metasurfaces can enhance the detected fluorescence rate from such broadband emitters. The fluorescence of the coupled emitter is directed into confined plasmonic modes with high photonic density of states. However, an accurate spin readout requires both high photon counts and a strong contrast between the spin states, both of which can be influenced by the Purcell effect. We introduce a novel method for measuring the spin contrast in large nitrogen-vacancy ensembles. We use this method to study how the photonic density of states must be engineered in order to minimize the uncertainty of spin readout in dense NV ensembles. We describe these results using a kinetic model of the nitrogen-vacancy’s internal dynamics.
Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond allow for coherent spin-state manipulation at room temperature, which could bring dramatic advances to nanoscale sensing and quantum information technology. We introduce a method for the optical measurement of the spin contrast in dense nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensembles. This method brings insight into the interplay between the spin contrast and fluorescence lifetime. We show that for improving the spin readout sensitivity in NV ensembles, one should aim at modifying the far-field radiation pattern rather than enhancing the emission rate.
Single negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) defect centres in diamond are attractive systems for the implementation of solid state quantum information processing (QIP) and quantum key distribution (QKD). In both approaches, the coupling of an individual NV-centre to a resonant microcavity is of interest: it would improve the optical readout of the NV-centre electron spin state in QIP and enhance the collection efficiency of the single photon fluorescence in QKD while increasing the coherence length of the emission. We theoretically demonstrate that, at room temperature, the coupling to a single-mode Fabry-Perot microcavity can be used to obtain a fluorescence spectrum narrowing without loss of total intensity. We also experimentally demonstrate the control of the fluorescence spectrum of a single NV-centre by adjusting the thickness of the microcavity. Finally, we report a doubling of the emission spectral density with respect to the single mirror configuration.
The development of reliable devices to generate single photons is crucial for applications in quantum cryptography, as well as for fundamental quantum optics experiments. Due to their extremely high photostability at room temperature, optically active defects in solids, the so called color centers, are among the most promising candidates. Single NV (nitrogen-vacancy) centers in diamond have been demonstrated to be able to generate single photons and have already shown advantages compared to attenuated laser pulses in a quantum cryptography experiment. The nitrogen-vacancy center (NV center) in diamond consists of a substitutional nitrogen atom and an adjacent vacancy. This complex exhibits an optical transition with a fluorescence lifetime of 11.6 ns. The room temperature spectrum of the NV center consists of the zero-phonon line at 637 nm and broad phononic sidebands with a FWHM of more than 100 nm. Due to the existence of a shelving level the efficiency of the NV center as a single photon source is limited. Additionally, the high diffraction index of bulk diamond restricts the efficiency to collect the fluorescence light.
Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond have emerged as promising quantum solid-state systems, with applications ranging from quantum information processing to magnetic sensing. One of the most useful properties of NVs is the ability to read their ground-state spin projection optically at room temperature. In this work we consider the effect of the Purcell enhancement on the ability to initialize the NV state and analyze the effect to imperfect initialization on the measurement SNR. We demonstrate that even with feasible initial conditions the combined increase in spontaneous emission (through Purcell enhancement) and in optical excitation could significantly increase the readout SNR.