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arXiv:1703.06991 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Electron spin contrast of Purcell-enhanced nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in nanodiamonds

Simeon Bogdanov, Mikhail Y. Shalaginov, Alexey V. Akimov, Alexei Lagutchev, Polina V. Kapitanova, J. Liu, D. Woods, Marcello Ferrera, Pavel A. Belov, Joseph Irudayaraj, Alexandra E. Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev

Published Jul 25, 2017• 28 citations
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Abstract

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond allow for coherent spin-state manipulation at room temperature, which could bring dramatic advances to nanoscale sensing and quantum information technology. We introduce a method for the optical measurement of the spin contrast in dense nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensembles. This method brings insight into the interplay between the spin contrast and fluorescence lifetime. We show that for improving the spin readout sensitivity in NV ensembles, one should aim at modifying the far-field radiation pattern rather than enhancing the emission rate.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.96.035146

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Diamond based nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are promising solid state defects for applications in quantum information technologies. On the one hand, there is a growing interest in enhancing their single-photon emission by coupling them to plasmonic structures. On the other hand, the dependence of emission intensity on the electron spin state enables room temperature quantum information readout. We study the fluorescence contrast resulting from the spin resonance in the conditions of an increased photonic density of states. Fluorescence observations from NV center ensembles in diamond nanocrystals coupled to structures supporting plasmonic modes experimentally confirm the analytical results.
Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have been long used for spin-based optical sensing and considered viable candidates for implementing spin-based quantum information protocols. Their unique advantages include their nanoscale size and the optical readout of the electron spin state. These features make them particularly fit for the use in integrated nanophotonic and quantum optical devices. We will discuss how the optical Purcell effect in plasmonic systems affects the NV spin readout signal and present the demonstration of this readout through optical plasmons in an integrated nanophotonic interface. We will show that spin relaxometry is a powerful tool that allows to probe the magnonic density of states and its electrical tuning with sub-um spatial resolution. Furthermore, we will discuss how spin signal readout sensitivity can be enhanced with the use of plasmonic nanostructures and Bayesian measurement methods.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond have emerged as promising quantum solid-state systems, with applications ranging from quantum information processing to magnetic sensing. One of the most useful properties of NVs is the ability to read their ground-state spin projection optically at room temperature. Using theoretical analysis of Purcell-enhanced NV optical coupling, we identify parameters for a significantly enhanced single-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the optical spin-state readout. We then demonstrate that a combined increase in spontaneous emission (through Purcell enhancement) and in optical excitation could significantly increase the readout SNR. Our combined analytical and numerical analysis, which is relevant for various optically active solid-state systems, differentiates between state-mixing processes and provides insights into the optimal light-matter coupling design.
Nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers offer a versatile platform for sensing applications spanning from nanomagnetism to in vivo monitoring of cellular processes. In many cases, however, weak optical signals and poor contrast demand long acquisition times that prevent the measurement of environmental dynamics. Here, we demonstrate the ability to perform fast, high-contrast optical measurements of charge distributions in ensembles of NV centers in nanodiamonds and use the technique to improve the spin-readout signal-to-noise ratio through spin-to-charge conversion. A study of 38 nanodiamonds with sizes ranging between 20 and 70 nm, each hosting a small ensemble of NV centers, uncovers complex, multiple time scale dynamics due to radiative and nonradiative ionization and recombination processes. Nonetheless, the NV-containing nanodiamonds universally exhibit charge-dependent photoluminescence contrasts and the potential for enhanced spin readout using spin-to-charge conversion. We use the technique to speed up a T 1 relaxometry measurement by a factor of 5.