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On the Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication using Four-particle Entangled State and Entanglement Swapping

Hsin-Yi Tseng, Tzonelih Hwang, Ching‐Ying Lin

Published Jan 1, 2010• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Recently, Xiu et al. proposed a deterministic secure quantum com-munication (DSQC) protocol using the entanglement swapping of four-particle genuine entangled states. Later, Qin et al. showed a double-CNOT attack on the protocol and also provided an improvement to avoid the attack. This work tries to use a batch of decoy single photons prepared randomly in one of four different states, to enhance the qubit efficiency on their DSQC protocols and avoid the double-CNOT attack at the same time.

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Recently, Xiu et al. proposed a deterministic secure quantum com-munication (DSQC) protocol using the entanglement swapping of four-particle genuine entangled states. Later, Qin et al. showed a double-CNOT attack on the protocol and also provided an improvement to avoid the attack. This work tries to use a batch of decoy single photons prepared randomly in one of four different states, to enhance the qubit efficiency on their DSQC protocols and avoid the double-CNOT attack at the same time.
A two-step deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) scheme using blocks of three-qubit W state is proposed. In this scheme, the secret messages can be encoded by employing four two-particle unitary operations and directly decoded by utilizing the corresponding measurements in Bell basis or single-particle basis. Comparing with most previous DSQC protocols, the present scheme has a high total efficiency, which comes up to 50%. Apart from this, it has still the advantages of high capacity as each W state can carry two bits of secret information, and high intrinsic efficiency because almost all the instances are useful. Furthermore, the security of this communication can be ensured by the decoy particle checking technique and the two-step transmitting idea.
A novel deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) scheme is presented based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and single photons in this study. In this scheme, the secret message can be encoded directly on the first particles of the prepared Bell states by simple unitary operations and decoded by performing the Bell-basis measurement after the additional classic information is exchanged. In addition, the strategy with two-step transmission of quantum data blocks and the technique of decoy-particle checking both are exploited to guarantee the security of the communication. Compared with some previous DSQC schemes, this scheme not only has a higher resource capacity, intrinsic efficiency and total efficiency, but also is more realizable in practical applications. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is unconditionally secure against various attacks over an ideal quantum channel and still conditionally robust over a noisy and lossy quantum channel.
A novel deterministic secure quantum communication(DSQC)scheme is presented based on EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen(EPR)pairs and single photons in this study.In this scheme,the secret message can be encoded directly on the first particles of the prepared Bell states by simple unitary operations and decoded by performing the Bell-basis measurement after the additional classic information is exchanged.In addition,the strategy with two-step transmission of quantum data blocks and the technique of decoy-particle checking both are exploited to guarantee the security of the communication.Compared with some previous DSQC schemes,this scheme not only has a higher resource capacity,intrinsic efciency and total efciency,but also is more realizable in practical applications.Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is unconditionally secure against various attacks over an ideal quantum channel and still conditionally robust over a noisy and lossy quantum channel.
Deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) can transmit secret messages between two parties without first generating a shared secret key. Compared with quantum key distribution (QKD), DSQC avoids the waste of qubits arising from basis reconciliation and thus reaches higher efficiency. In this paper, based on data block transmission and order rearrangement technologies, we propose a DSQC protocol. It utilizes a set of single d-level systems as message carriers, which are used to directly encode the secret message in one communication process. Theoretical analysis shows that these employed technologies guarantee the security, and the use of a higher dimensional quantum system makes our protocol achieve higher security and efficiency. Since only quantum memory is required for implementation, our protocol is feasible with current technologies. Furthermore, Trojan horse attack (THA) is taken into account in our protocol. We give a THA model and show that THA significantly increases the multi-photon rate and can thus be detected.
Deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) can transmit ciphered message with information theoretical security, in which the message is directly modulated on the quantum state and transmitted from Alice to Bob. Thus, key is not pre-shared, but rather communicated after the security of the ciphered message transmission is assured. In most of previous DSQC protocols, quantum memory or entanglement is necessary, which is still a big challenge with current technology. And the imperfections of practical devices, such as loss, weak coherent source, and so on, may also down play the security and efficiency of these DSQC protocols. In this article, a DSQC protocol with practical devices is proposed. In our protocol, both quantum memory and entanglement are not require. And DSQC with distance as long as 100–200 km and repetition as high as is possible.