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Days on Diffraction

Atomic Bose-Einstein condensates as nonlinear hyperbolic metamaterials

Evgeny S. Sedov, M. V. Charukhchyan, Sergei M Arakelyan, A. P. Alodjants, You-Lin Chuang, Ray‐Kuang Lee

Published May 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the problem of formation of small amplitude spatially localized oscillatory structures for atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined in two and three dimensional optical lattices (OL's), respectively. By using kp-method we have demonstrated mapping of the initial Gross-Pitaevskii equation on nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations. Formation of breather-like oscillating localized states - atomic oscillons - have been predicted in this case.

DOI
10.1109/dd.2015.7354878

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We consider the problem of formation of small amplitude spatially localized oscillatory structures for atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined in two and three dimensional optical lattices (OL's), respectively. By using kp-method we have demonstrated mapping of the initial Gross-Pitaevskii equation on nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations. Formation of breather-like oscillating localized states - atomic oscillons - have been predicted in this case.
We consider the problem of formation of small-amplitude spatially localized oscillatory structures for atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in two- and three-dimensional optical lattices, respectively. Our approach is based on applying the regions with different signs of atomic effective masses where an atomic system exhibits effective hyperbolic dispersion within the first Brillouin zone. By using the kp\mathbf{kp}kp method we have demonstrated mapping of the initial Gross-Pitaevskii equation on nonlinear Klein-Gordon and/or Ginzburg-Landau-Higgs equations, which is inherent in matter fields within ${\ensuremath{\phi}}^{4}$-field theories. Formation of breatherlike oscillating localized states---atomic oscillons---as well as kink-shaped states have been predicted in this case. Apart from classical field theories atomic field oscillons occurring in finite lattice structures possess a critical number of particles for their formation. The obtained results pave the way to simulating some analogues of fundamental cosmological processes occurring during our Universe's evolution and to modeling nonlinear hyperbolic metamaterials with condensed matter (atomic) systems.
Long-lived, spatially localized, and temporally oscillating nonlinear excitations are predicted by numerical simulation of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. These oscillons closely resemble the time-periodic breather solutions of the sine-Gordon equation but decay slowly by radiating Bogoliubov phonons. Their time-dependent profile is closely matched with solutions of the sine-Gordon equation, which emerges as an effective field theory for the relative phase of two linearly coupled Bose fields in the weak-coupling limit. For strong coupling the long-lived oscillons persist and involve both relative and total phase fields. The oscillons decay via Bogoliubov phonon radiation that is increasingly suppressed for decreasing oscillon amplitude. Possibilities for creating oscillons are addressed in atomic gas experiments by collision of oppositely charged Bose-Josephson vortices and direct phase imprinting.
Long-lived, spatially localized, and temporally oscillating nonlinear excitations are predicted by numerical simulation of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. These oscillons closely resemble the time-periodic breather solutions of the sine-Gordon equation but decay slowly by radiating Bogoliubov phonons. Their time-dependent profile is closely matched with solutions of the sine-Gordon equation, which emerges as an effective field theory for the relative phase of two linearly coupled Bose fields in the weak-coupling limit. For strong coupling the long-lived oscillons persist and involve both relative and total phase fields. The oscillons decay via Bogoliubov phonon radiation that is increasingly suppressed for decreasing oscillon amplitude. Possibilities for creating oscillons are addressed in atomic gas experiments by collision of oppositely charged Bose-Josephson vortices and direct phase imprinting.
We demonstrate the existence of localized oscillatory breathers for quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates confined in periodic potentials. The breathing behavior corresponds to position oscillations of individual condensates about the minima of the potential lattice. We deduce the structural stability of the localized oscillations from the construction. The stability is confirmed numerically for perturbations to the initial state of the condensate, to the potential trap, as well as for external noise. We also construct periodic and chaotic extended oscillations for the chain of condensates. All our findings are verified by direct numerical integration of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in one dimension.
We investigate the properties of discrete breathers in a Bose-Einstein condensate with two- and three-body interactions in optical lattice. In the tight-binding approximation the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with periodic potential for the condensate wavefunction is reduced to the cubic-quintic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We analyze the regions of modulational instabilities of nonlinear plane waves. This result is important to obtain the conditions for generation of discrete solitons(breathers) in optical lattice. Also using the Page approach, we derive the conditions for the existence and stability for bright discrete breather solutions. It is shown that the quintic nonlinearity brings qualitatively new conditions for stability of strongly localized modes. The numerical simulations conform with the analytical predictions.
We study localized modes in binary mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates embedded in one-dimensional optical lattices. We report a diversity of asymmetric modes and investigate their dynamics. We concentrate on the cases where one of the components is dominant, i.e., has a much larger number of atoms than the other one, and where both components have the numbers of atoms of the same order but different symmetries. In the first case we propose a method of systematically obtaining the modes, considering the ``small'' component as bifurcating from the continuum spectrum. A generalization of this approach combined with the use of the symmetry of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations allows for obtaining breather modes, which are also presented.