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Chinese Physics B

Controllable optical mirror of cesium atoms with four-wave mixing

Haitao Zhou, Dan Wang, Miao-Jun Guo, Jiangrui Gao, Junxiang Zhang

Published Sep 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The controllable optical mirror is experimentally accomplished in a λ-type three-level atomic system coupled with standing wave. It is shown that the reflection of probe light results from electromagnetically-induced-transparency-based four-wave mixing, therefore the reflection efficiency is highly dependent on the angle for phase matching condition between the probe and coupling fields. The measured reflection spectra show good agreement with dispersion compensation theory.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/23/9/093204

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The controllable optical mirror is experimentally accomplished in a λ-type three-level atomic system coupled with standing wave. It is shown that the reflection of probe light results from electromagnetically-induced-transparency-based four-wave mixing, therefore the reflection efficiency is highly dependent on the angle for phase matching condition between the probe and coupling fields. The measured reflection spectra show good agreement with dispersion compensation theory.
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The reflection spectrum of a probe light in a -type three-level atomic system coupled by an off-resonant standing-wave is investigated experimentally and theoretically. We show that the maximum value of reflection coefficient occurs when both of the coupling and probe lights are tuned off resonances from the atomic transitions. The nature of enhanced reflection is attributed to the phase compensation caused by the anomalous dispersion, which leads to a significant reduction of nonlinear phase mismatch in atomic four-wave mixing. At certain detuning of coupling and probe frequencies near two-photon resonance, there exits a best compensation, so the reflection efficiency reaches its maximum. The dependences of efficiency on the intensity of coupling fields and the density of atoms are also studied.
The phase compensation mechanism induced by anomalous dispersion in the reflection process of four-wave mixing (or reflection from a grating) in a three-level system is investigated, where the four wave vectors do not match in vacuum. An efficiency of the reflected signal of as high as 43% from a hot atomic cell of Cs is observed. The maximum reflection occurs when the frequency of the probe beam (and consequently the frequency of the reflected signal) is slightly red detuned from the transition frequency, which is attributed to the phase compensation from the steep anomalous dispersion accompanied with a strong probe absorption. The dependences of the efficiency on the angle between the coupling and probe lights, on the intensity of the coupling, field and on atomic density are studied. A theoretical model is presented and it is in good agreement with the experimental results.
The Goos-H\"anchen shift of the system composed by two cavity walls and an intracavity atomic sample is presented. The atomic sample is treated as a four-level double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system, driven by the two counterpropagating coupling fields. The probe field experiences the discontinuous refractive index variation and is reflected. Moreover, under the phase-matching condition, the four-wave mixing effect based on electromagnetically induced transparency can cause effective reflection. The Goos-H\"anchen shifts appear in both situations and are carefully investigated in this article. We refer to the first one with the incident and reflected light having identical wavelength as the linear Goos-H\"anchen shift, and the second one with the reflection wavelength determined by the phase-matching condition as the nonlinear Goos-H\"anchen shift. The differences between the two kinds of shifts, such as the incident angle range, conditions for the shift peaks, and controllability, are discussed.
We have measured electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and four wave mixing (FWM) signals in a three level atomic system to enhance nonlinearity for a weak field due to quantum coherence with standing fields. We were able to observe quite different EIT signals according to a traveling or standing coupling field. (1) We obtained EIT and FWM signals depending on detunings, polarization, (2) and power of the coupling field. Our results will be analyzed theoretically in viewpoint of a photonic band gap model.
Detailed analysis on the tunable reflection based on electromagnetically induced transparency is presented. We adopt the configuration of a four-level atom driven by a bichromatic standing wave. The Maxwell–Liouville equations for the steady state are employed to describe the mechanics of the system and numerically solved using the parameters of Rb87 in a magneto-optical trap. The analytic solutions are also obtained, which lead to the conditions for getting the higher reflectivity. Theoretically, under such conditions, the reflectivity could be arranged as high as 90% with the coherence decay rate already considered. The controllability of the reflectivity provided by adjusting the intensities and detunings of the coupling fields (the two components of the bichromatic standing wave) is investigated as well. The result shows that the two coupling fields can impact the reflectivity differently. Such a feature allows us to control the reflectivity more flexibly.