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Acta Physica Sinica

A theoretical scheme for zero-knowledge proof quantum identity authentication

Wang Yu-wu, You-Bang Zhan, (1)淮阴师范学院计算机科学系,淮安 223300; (2)淮阴师范学院物理系,淮安 223300

Published Jan 1, 2009• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical scheme for zero-knowledge proof quantum identity authentication is proposed by the absolutely impartial third party CA， which has been realized based on remote state preparation and assisted cloning controlled means. In the process of identification， only CA knows the information of quantum identity card and the first party Alice and the second party Bob can accomplish the quantum identity authentication without knowing it. We discuss the probability of accomplishing this job. The security of this scheme is unconditional and it is guaranteed by quantum mechanism.

DOI
10.7498/aps.58.7668

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Consider two parties: Alice and Bob and suppose that Bob is given a qubit system in a quantum state $\\phi$, unknown to him. Alice knows $\\phi$ and she is supposed to convince Bob that she knows $\\phi$ sending some test message. Is it possible for her to convince Bob providing him "zero knowledge" i. e. no information about $\\phi$ he has? We prove that there is no "zero knowledge" protocol of that kind. In fact it turns out that basing on Alice message, Bob (or third party - Eve - who can intercept the message) can synthetize a copy of the unknown qubit state $\\phi$ with nonzero probability. This "no-go" result puts general constrains on information processing where information {\\it about} quantum state is involved.

•Oct 12, 2000•2 citations
A theoretical scheme for zero-knowledge proof quantum identity authentication is proposed by the absolutely impartial third party CA， which has been realized based on remote state preparation and assisted cloning controlled means. In the process of identification， only CA knows the information of quantum identity card and the first party Alice and the second party Bob can accomplish the quantum identity authentication without knowing it. We discuss the probability of accomplishing this job. The security of this scheme is unconditional and it is guaranteed by quantum mechanism.
This work presents a new scheme based on a quantum zero-knowledge proof for identity authentication. The novelty of this research is the migration of the classical concept Zero-knowledge into the quantum cryptographic framework that, to the best of our knowledge, has never been explored. This approach allows us to take advantage of the principles of quantum mechanics to build a protocol, which is secure against quantum computer attacks, for authenticating several users having access to the same network node. The protocol has been designed, its security analysed and implemented in modified Quantum Key Distribution devices. Two scenarios have been analysed experimentally, the first being both the prover and the verifier honest players, and the second case being the prover a malicious player, the latter demonstrating a notable increase in the quantum bit error rate that prevents a fraudulent authentication.
Consider two parties: Alice and Bob and suppose that Bob is given a qubit system in a quantum state ϕ , unknown to him. Alice knows ϕ and she is supposed to convince Bob that she knows ϕ sending some test message. Is it possible for her to convince Bob providing him "zero knowledge" i. e. no information about ϕ he has? We prove that there is no "zero knowledge" protocol of that kind. In fact it turns out that basing on Alice message, Bob (or third party - Eve - who can intercept the message) can synthetize a copy of the unknown qubit state ϕ with nonzero probability. This "no-go" result puts general constrains on information processing where information about quantum state is involved.
Unconditional security in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) relies on authenticating the identities of users involved in key distribution. While classical identity authentication schemes were initially utilized in QKD implementations, concerns regarding their vulnerability have prompted the exploration of Quantum Identity Authentication (QIA) protocols. In this study, we introduce a new protocol for QIA, derived from the concept of controlled secure direct quantum communication. Our proposed scheme facilitates simultaneous authentication between two users, Alice and Bob, leveraging Bell states with the assistance of a third party, Charlie. Through rigorous security analysis, we demonstrate that the proposed protocol withstands various known attacks, including impersonation, intercept and resend and impersonated fraudulent attacks. Additionally, we establish the relevance of the proposed protocol by comparing it with the existing protocols of similar type.
Consider two parties: Alice and Bob and suppose that Bob is given a qubit system in a quantum state phi\\phiphi, unknown to him. Alice knows phi\\phiphi and she is supposed to convince Bob that she knows phi\\phiphi sending some test message. Is it possible for her to convince Bob providing him "zero knowledge" i. e. no information about phi\\phiphi he has? We prove that there is no "zero knowledge" protocol of that kind. In fact it turns out that basing on Alice message, Bob (or third party - Eve - who can intercept the message) can synthetize a copy of the unknown qubit state phi\\phiphi with nonzero probability. This "no-go" result puts general constrains on information processing where information {\\it about} quantum state is involved.