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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Influence of inversion creation processes in atomic transitions on four-wave parametric oscillation process (FWPOP) under optical pumping of barium and europium vapor

Vladimir G. Sokovikov, Anton V. Klimkin, V. E. Prokopiev

Published Dec 15, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Processes of inversion creation in a number of barium and europium atomic transitions under pumping of vapors by eximer XeCl* and KrF* lasers have been investigated. Qualitative study of inversion creation mechanisms that are common for barium and europium atoms has been carried out. Necessary conditions for observation of atom lines of Ba and Eu amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) have been formulated. It has been found that observed absence of long-wave satellites of Eu resonant lines is caused by ASE absence in atomic transitions 8p8P9/2 → 6d8D07/2 and 8p8P9/2 → 6d8D011/2 of europium atom. Whereas, absence of ASE in transitions 8p8P9/2 → 6d8D07/2 and 8p8P9/2 → 6d8D011/2 of Eu atom is a result of high offset, or starting of pre-dissociating pumping channel of 6d8D07/2,11/2 Eu levels. Problems, caused by of undetermined nature of resonant emission that is observed under optical pumping of europium and barium vapor, are discussed in this paper.

DOI
10.1117/12.2225581

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Processes of inversion creation in a number of barium and europium atomic transitions under pumping of vapors by eximer XeCl* and KrF* lasers have been investigated. Qualitative study of inversion creation mechanisms that are common for barium and europium atoms has been carried out. Necessary conditions for observation of atom lines of Ba and Eu amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) have been formulated. It has been found that observed absence of long-wave satellites of Eu resonant lines is caused by ASE absence in atomic transitions 8p8P9/2 → 6d8D07/2 and 8p8P9/2 → 6d8D011/2 of europium atom. Whereas, absence of ASE in transitions 8p8P9/2 → 6d8D07/2 and 8p8P9/2 → 6d8D011/2 of Eu atom is a result of high offset, or starting of pre-dissociating pumping channel of 6d8D07/2,11/2 Eu levels. Problems, caused by of undetermined nature of resonant emission that is observed under optical pumping of europium and barium vapor, are discussed in this paper.
Results on quasi-resonant optical pumping of Yb vapors by KrF*-laser radiation (λ p = 248 nm) are presented. The radiation was converted to the visible range to be available for study. Strong lines of amplified spontaneous emission are detected. These lines are due to transitions between the groups of even (6 s 5 d 1 D 2 , 6 s 6 d 3 D 1, 2, 3 ) and odd Yb levels (6 s 6 p 1 P 1 0 , 6 s 6 p 3 P 0 0,1,2 ). Coherent radiation is detected at Yb resonance lines with λ = 398.8 and 555.6 nm, which are caused, respectively, by the 6 s 6 p 1 P 1 0 → 6 s 6 s 1 S 0 and 6 s 6 p 3 P 1 0 → 6 s 6 s 1 S 0 transitions in the Yb atom. A sequence of processes that lead to the formation of inversion at the Yb atomic transitions is qualitatively examined.
Barium vapor emission in the vicinity of the (5d6p1P1COP-6s1S0) and (6p1P1COP-6s1S0) resonance transitions excited by a XeCl* laser has been studied experimentaly. IR radiation ((lambda) equals 2315.8 nm) assigned to the Ba (7p1P1COP-7s1S0) transition has been detected. Four-wave parametric oscillation is assumed to be responsible for the Ba emission. Observations of the interaction range between UV pump radiation and Ba vapor have shown the green emission to be produced from a great number of narrow regions. This effect is attributable either to self- focusing or inversion threads.
An experimental investigation was made of stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) of excimer laser radiation in barium, thulium, and europium vapors. The energy of XeF* laser radiation ( λ = 351 nm) converted to the yellow range (585 nm) in barium vapor was 6 mJ and the conversion efficiency was ∼39%. The spectral composition of the converted radiation is governed by the STRS, by four-wave parametric processes, and also by lasing due to the natural barium transition. Selection of the pump frequencies is required to concentrate the converted radiation at a single frequency and to reduce its divergence. Stimulated Raman scattering of XeCl* laser radiation ( λ = 308 nm) was achieved in thulium vapor at λ = 422 nm. In europium vapor in quasiresonance with the 6 s 2 8 S 0 1/2 –5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 forbidden transition, stimulated emission was obtained due to the natural 5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 –6 s 6 p 10 P 11/2 and 5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 –6 s 6 p 10 P 3/2 transitions.
An experimental investigation was made of a four-wave parametric interaction (FWPI) in a field of ultrashort optical pulses (λp ≈0.55 μ) acting on a 1S–1P0 two-level system of barium atomic vapor. It was observed that a pair of new frequencies ν3 and ν4 appeared as a result of FWPI, ν3 being close to ν'tps = 2νp – ν'sp and ν4 being close to ν'sp. This process was observed on approaching the resonance from the low-frequency side. When the resonance was approached from the high-frequency side, conical emission was recorded. It was found that a FWPI in a two-level system subjected to a strong pump field is governed by the third- and fifth-order nonlinear susceptibilities χ(3) and χ(5).
We have observed, for the first time to our knowledge, stimulated emission in atomic-copper vapor that is excited by a resonant tunable laser beam. One of the important and interesting results obtained in this experiment is that excitation of the (2)P(1/2) level of the copper atoms generates strong amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) for both(2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) and (2)P(3/2)-(2)D(5/2) transitions. This is the first reported direct experimental evidence observed for collisional mixing between the (2)P(1/2) and (2)P(3/2) levels in a copper-vapor laser. Excitation of the (2)P(3/2) level induces substantially weaker ASE for the (2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) transition. In addition, we observed collision-induced ASE for both transitions over a wide range of detuning of the pump frequency. The preliminary results of the experiment are presented, and the implications of the results for high-pressure copper-vapor lasers are discussed.
The parametric four-wave mixing (4WM) process responsible for the generation of coherent blue light in alkali vapors is a self-seeded process which starts by population inversion and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Lately, attention has been turned toward frequency up- and down-conversion in alkali vapors, using relatively low pump powers with CW diode lasers. In this Letter, we investigate the interplay between ASE and 4WM in rubidium (Rb) vapors by studying the mid-infrared (mid-IR) radiation emitted in the forward direction at 5.23 μm. We show that the ASE can be suppressed by 4WM in the CW regime. Thus, we demonstrate the generation of coherent mid-IR light at 5.23 μm in hot Rb vapors via parametric 4WM.