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The Open Automation and Control Systems Journal

Design of a Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID Based on ECC

Hongyan Kang

Published Sep 30, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A low-cost, efficient and safe mutual authentication protocol for RFID based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is proposed, specific to the security and privacy problem existed in the existing RFID authentication protocol, on the basis of deep analysis of the existing RFID protocol based on ECC.As to this proposal, mutual authentication between the tag and reader can be realized only through two sessions, under the condition of not destroying the security strength.So, the workload of calculation and system resource expense are reduced.The paper has described the protocol in detail and analyzed its security.The analysis result shows that, the protocol can resist tracking attack, replay attack, man-in-themiddle attack and other attacks, has good forward security and can realize mutual authentication between the server and the tag.Besides, it has definite practicability, due to low cost, security and scalability.

DOI
10.2174/1874444301507011532

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A low-cost, efficient and safe mutual authentication protocol for RFID based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is proposed, specific to the security and privacy problem existed in the existing RFID authentication protocol, on the basis of deep analysis of the existing RFID protocol based on ECC.As to this proposal, mutual authentication between the tag and reader can be realized only through two sessions, under the condition of not destroying the security strength.So, the workload of calculation and system resource expense are reduced.The paper has described the protocol in detail and analyzed its security.The analysis result shows that, the protocol can resist tracking attack, replay attack, man-in-themiddle attack and other attacks, has good forward security and can realize mutual authentication between the server and the tag.Besides, it has definite practicability, due to low cost, security and scalability.
As for so many security vulnerabilities, such as readers' ID-disclosure attack, man-in-the-middle attack, spoofing attack in Yao's authentication protocol, we propose a Radio Frequency Identification mutual authentication protocol based on NTRU public key encryption system, and perform formal analysis with GNY logic. The protocol not only has character of once a secret, but also the session key exchanged when mutual authentication protocol completed.Main computing tasks is implemented on the readers, so the pressure of server can be reduced effectively, the position tracking and forward security issues exist in current protocols can be solved as well. Analytic result shows that the proposed mutual authentication protocol can resist replay attack, counterfeit attack, denial of service attacks and other malicious attacks,and has featuresof low computational complexity,little communication,high efficiency. It is suitable for apply this protocol in low-cost tags.
Recently, Wei & Chen proposed a secure three-party mutual authentication protocol for RFID based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Their approach can allow insecure communication between the reader and the backend, so their approach must achieve mutual authentication between the tag, reader, and backend. In addition, their method also satisfies the essential characteristics of RFID systems, such as confidentiality, anonymity, resistance to tracking attacks, and spoofing attacks. However, this article finds that its method cannot meet the mutual authentication and denial of service attacks.
In order to content with the security requirements of RFID system,the study uses mathematic and cryptography methods to solve these problems.Considering the security,privacy and effectiveness of RFID protocol,the paper researches the authentication protocol of the RFID system and proposes a mutual authentication protocol of RFID.Its safety and performance analysis show that the proposed protocol is relatively good in these aspects.It can prevent many security including contents privacy,location tracing,replay attack,spoofing attack,and also has forward security ability.
With the extensive application of Radio Frequency Identification(RFID),the contradiction between its security and computation is serious.On this background,the security defects and cost of the main RFID secure authentication protocols are analyzed.On this basis,a new authentication protocol is promoted with higher security and lower cost.Its security is verified via the strand space model,which proves that the mutual authentication of reader and tag can be realized safety and reliability.The analysis results show that the protocol is resistible to attacks such as spoofing attack,eavesdrop attack,replay attack,type flaw attack,tracking and so on,and also provides perfect forward secrecy,which has a lower computation,and is suitable for low-cost RFID system.
In order to solve the weakness in security and privacy and the poor performance of the existing RFID authentication protocols,a Hash-based mutual authentication protocol for RFID is proposed and its security is proved by using the provable security model,with the privacy and security features of the proposed protocol analyzed.Compared with several RFID authentication protocols with the similar structure,the proposed protocol can effectively solve the privacy and security issues of the RFID system and has significant performance advantages,because it greatly reduces the amount of storage and computation of tags,and particularly improves the search efficiency of the server database.
In 2006, Lee and Ahn proposed a matrix-based RFID authentication protocol which eliminates the security problems in HB and RFID authentication protocols. Their proposed protocol provides the following three merits: (1) it reduces the computational costs of the RFID tag. (2) it reduces the communication overhead between the reader and the tag. (3) it protects the user privacy. However, this paper points out that Lee and Ahn's proposed protocol is insecure to various attacks because it does not provide mutual authentication which the RFID tag does not authenticate the legality of the RFID reader unlike their claims. In addition, this paper proposes an improved matrix-based RFID mutual authentication protocol that can provide the mutual authentication. As a result, the proposed protocol not only can provide strong security and but also guarantee high efficiency because it reduces the communication rounds compare with Lee-Ahn's protocol.