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An Optimizing Pulse Sequence Compiler for NMR QIP

Pérez Delgado, Carlos Alberto Conceição António

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum information processing is a multi-disciplinary science involving physics, mathematics, computer science, and even quantum chemistry. It is centred around the idea of manipulating physical systems at the quantum level, either for simulation of physical systems, or numerical computation. Although it has been known for almost a decade that a quantum computer would enable the solution of problems deemed infeasible classically, constructing one has been beyond today's capabilities. In this work we explore one proposed implementation of a quantum computer: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We also develop a numerical software tool, a pulse sequence compiler, for use in the implementation of quantum computer programs on an NMR quantum computer. Our pulse sequence compiler takes as input the specifications of the molecule used as a quantum register, the desired quantum gate, and experimental data on the actual effects of RF pulses on a sample of the molecule, and outputs an optimum set of pre and post 'virtual' gates that minimize the error induced.

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This paper describes how to derive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequences suitable as ensemble quantum computing logical gates by known systematic tools for design of pulse sequences in NMR spectroscopy. This is in contrast to the current trend of developing NMR pulse sequences for ensemble quantum computing independent of established NMR spectroscopic technology, although many of the pertinent spin manipulations are already known in NMR spectroscopy. The SWAP operation is discussed in detail and one version is only (2J)−1long, which compares favorably with 3(2J)−1 in a recent implementation (Linden N, Barjat H, Kupce E, Freeman R. Chem Phys Lett 1999; 307:198–204). Alternatively, the number of π pulses can be reduced in that sequence. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 389–395, 2000
This paper describes how to derive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequences suitable as ensemble quantum computing logical gates by known systematic tools for design of pulse sequences in NMR spectroscopy. This is in contrast to the current trend of developing NMR pulse sequences for ensemble quantum computing independent of established NMR spectroscopic technology, although many of the pertinent spin manipulations are already known in NMR spectroscopy. The SWAP operation is discussed in detail and one version is only (2J)−1long, which compares favorably with 3(2J)−1 in a recent implementation (Linden N, Barjat H, Kupce E, Freeman R. Chem Phys Lett 1999; 307:198–204). Alternatively, the number of π pulses can be reduced in that sequence. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 389–395, 2000
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides an experimental setting to explore physical implementations of quantum information processing (QIP). Here we introduce the basic background for understanding applications of NMR to QIP and explain their current successes, limitations and potential. NMR spectroscopy is well known for its wealth of diverse coherent manipulations of spin dynamics. Ideas and instrumentation from liquid state NMR spectroscopy have been used to experiment with QIP. This approach has carried the field to a complexity of about 10 qubits, a small number for quantum computation but large enough for observing and better understanding the complexity of the quantum world. While liquid state NMR is the only present-day technology about to reach this number of qubits, further increases in complexity will require new methods. We sketch one direction leading towards a scalable quantum computer using spin 1/2 particles. The next step of which is a solid state NMR-based QIP capable of reaching 10-30 qubits.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides an experimental setting to explore physical implementations of quantum information processing (QIP). Here we introduce the basic background for understanding applications of NMR to QIP and explain their current successes, limitations and potential. NMR spectroscopy is well known for its wealth of diverse coherent manipulations of spin dynamics. Ideas and instrumentation from liquid state NMR spectroscopy have been used to experiment with QIP. This approach has carried the field to a complexity of about 10 qubits, a small number for quantum computation but large enough for observing and better understanding the complexity of the quantum world. While liquid state NMR is the only present-day technology about to reach this number of qubits, further increases in complexity will require new methods. We sketch one direction leading towards a scalable quantum computer using spin 1/2 particles. The next step of which is a solid state NMR-based QIP capable of reaching 10—30 qubits.
Regarding the end of the 1900s, a small community of researchers in physics, computer science, mathematics and chemistry began to explore the fertile ground at the intersection of quantum mechanics with information theory, which led to a new and powerful paradigm of quantum computing.Quantum information processing promises to extend today's computing resources.Quantum computers, theoretically, could solve problems much more quickly than any classic computer.Intensive experimental efforts have been made to implement quantum computing since Shor and Grover developed their algorithms.In 1997, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) emerged as one of the most promising experimental techniques for the implementation of quantum computing protocols.The isolation of nuclear spins and consequent long relaxation times, combined with the perfect dynamics implemented by radiofrequency pulses, led to important studies in the area.Therefore, nuclear spins are picked out as good candidates for quantum bits.In this scenario, quantum chemistry covers a vast field of quantum information science and can lead to advances in scientific research.
We review recent progress made in quantum information processing (QIP) which can be applied in the simulation of quantum systems and chemical phenomena. The review is focused on quantum algorithms which are useful for quantum simulation of chemistry and advances in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) QIP. Discussions also include a number of recent experiments demonstrating the current capabilities of the NMR QIP for quantum simulation and prospects for spin-based implementations of QIP.