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Atom-Field QuantumState Manipulation andStorage

Aurélien Dantan, Alberto Bramati, Nicolas Treps

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations

Abstract

We present various schemes tomanipulate andstore quantumoptical fields into atomic ensembles andshowhowtorealize quantummemoryoperations, entangle atomic ensembles or teleport anatomic ensemble quantum state withhighefficiency. A major challenge inquantum information andcommunication lies intheability tomanipulate andstore quantum states ondemand. Quantum networks consisting ofatomic ensemble nodes connected bylight represent apromising, wayto achieve robust quantum communication. Because ofthelonglifetime oftheir ground state spin, atomic ensembles are goodcandidates tostore thequantum state ofoptical light fields. Wepropose ascheme toachieve quasi-perfect atom-field quantum state transfers inon-resonance Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) oroff-resonant Ramanconfigurations (11. Weshowthat dissipation isnegligible forsuch interactions, sothat thequantum states arepreserved during transfer operations. Wefirst showhowtomapabroadband squeezed vacuumontotheatomic ground state coherence ofaspin-polarized ensembles. Wefind theoptimal conditions forhighefficiency transfer andpresent amethod toreadout theatomic state inorder toperform aquantum memoryoperation (11. Wealso compare cavity andsingle passschemes; eventhough a cavity interaction turns outtobemoreefficient, single passinteraction should allow forverygoodquality transfer for realistic experimental parameters. We thenpropose toentangle twomacroscopic atomic ensembles using apairofEPR-correlated incident fields. Entanglement isalsoshowntobeconserved during on-resonant oroff-resonant interactions, andcanbestored fora longtimeintwospatially separated ensembles (2). Theatomic entanglement canthenbereadout intheoptical fields exiting thecavities.

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We present various schemes tomanipulate andstore quantumoptical fields into atomic ensembles andshowhowtorealize quantummemoryoperations, entangle atomic ensembles or teleport anatomic ensemble quantum state withhighefficiency. A major challenge inquantum information andcommunication lies intheability tomanipulate andstore quantum states ondemand. Quantum networks consisting ofatomic ensemble nodes connected bylight represent apromising, wayto achieve robust quantum communication. Because ofthelonglifetime oftheir ground state spin, atomic ensembles are goodcandidates tostore thequantum state ofoptical light fields. Wepropose ascheme toachieve quasi-perfect atom-field quantum state transfers inon-resonance Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) oroff-resonant Ramanconfigurations (11. Weshowthat dissipation isnegligible forsuch interactions, sothat thequantum states arepreserved during transfer operations. Wefirst showhowtomapabroadband squeezed vacuumontotheatomic ground state coherence ofaspin-polarized ensembles. Wefind theoptimal conditions forhighefficiency transfer andpresent amethod toreadout theatomic state inorder toperform aquantum memoryoperation (11. Wealso compare cavity andsingle passschemes; eventhough a cavity interaction turns outtobemoreefficient, single passinteraction should allow forverygoodquality transfer for realistic experimental parameters. We thenpropose toentangle twomacroscopic atomic ensembles using apairofEPR-correlated incident fields. Entanglement isalsoshowntobeconserved during on-resonant oroff-resonant interactions, andcanbestored fora longtimeintwospatially separated ensembles (2). Theatomic entanglement canthenbereadout intheoptical fields exiting thecavities.

We show that a quasi-perfect quantum state transfer between anatomic ensemble and fields in an optical cavity can be achieved inElectromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). A squeezedvacuum field state can be mapped onto the long-lived atomic spinassociated to the ground state sublevels of the Lambda-typeatoms considered. The EIT on-resonance situation show interesting similaritieswith the Raman off-resonant configuration. We then show how totransfer the atomic squeezing back to the field exiting the cavity,thus realizing a quantum memory-type operation.

We show that a quasiperfect quantum-state transfer between an atomic ensemble and fields in an optical cavity can be achieved in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). A squeezed vacuum field state can be mapped onto the long-lived atomic spin associated to the ground-state sublevels of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atoms considered. The EIT on-resonance situation show interesting similarities with the Raman off-resonant configuration. We then show how to transfer the atomic squeezing back to the field exiting the cavity, thus realizing a quantum memory--type operation.

We review several ideas for manipulation of quantum information using atomic ensembles and photons and describe some preliminary experiments toward their implementation. In particular, we review a technique that allows for robust transfer of quantum states between light fields and metastable states of matter. Next we discuss the use of Raman scattering to produce robust entanglement of atomic ensembles via realistic (i.e., absorbing) channels. Finally, we present preliminary experimental results related to the implementation of entanglement via Raman scattering. Specifically, we present experimental studies of the intensity fluctuations in resonantly enhanced Raman scattering from a warm 85Rb vapor cell under conditions of EIT. A crossover between the Bose-Einstein and Poisson statistics of Raman light is observed and it is shown that the noise properties of Raman fields can be mirrored in transmitted pump beams.

We present a quantum mechanical treatment for both atomic and field fluctuations of an atomic ensemble interacting with propagating fields, either in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or in a Raman situation. The atomic spin noise spectra and the outgoing field spectra are calculated in both situations. For suitable parameters both EIT and Raman schemes efficiently preserve the quantum state of the incident probe field in the transfer process with the atoms, although a single-pass scheme is shown to be intrinsically less efficient than a cavity scheme.

This paper presents a quantum mechanical treatment for both atomic and field fluctuations of an atomic ensemble interacting with propagating fields, either in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency or in a Raman situation. The atomic spin noise spectra and the outgoing field spectra are calculated in both situations. For suitable parameters both EIT and Raman schemes efficiently preserve the quantum state of the incident probe field in the transfer process with the atoms, although a single pass scheme is shown to be intrinsically less efficient than a cavity scheme.