Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Conference on Atomic Physics (ICAP)

Toward Manipulating Quantum Information with Atomic Ensembles

Mikhail D. Lukin, Axel André, Matthew D. Eisaman, Michael Hohensee, David F. Phillips, Caspar H. van der Wal, R. L. Walsworth, Alexander S. Zibrov

Published Apr 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We review several ideas for manipulation of quantum information using atomic ensembles and photons and describe some preliminary experiments toward their implementation. In particular, we review a technique that allows for robust transfer of quantum states between light fields and metastable states of matter. Next we discuss the use of Raman scattering to produce robust entanglement of atomic ensembles via realistic (i.e., absorbing) channels. Finally, we present preliminary experimental results related to the implementation of entanglement via Raman scattering. Specifically, we present experimental studies of the intensity fluctuations in resonantly enhanced Raman scattering from a warm 85Rb vapor cell under conditions of EIT. A crossover between the Bose-Einstein and Poisson statistics of Raman light is observed and it is shown that the noise properties of Raman fields can be mirrored in transmitted pump beams.

DOI
10.1142/9789812705099_0024

Related papers

Colloquium: Trapping and manipulating photon states in atomic ensembles

Mikhail D. Lukin

Modern optical techniques allow one to accurately control light using atoms and to manipulate atoms using light. In this Colloquium the author reviews several ideas indicating how such techniques can be used for accurate manipulation of quantum states of atomic ensembles and photons. First a technique is discussed that allows one to transfer quantum states between light fields and metastable states of matter. The technique is based on trapping quantum states of photons in coherently driven atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced to zero. Next, possible mechanisms are outlined for manipulating quantum states of atomic ensembles. Specifically, a ``dipole blockade'' technique is considered in which optical excitation of mesoscopic samples into Rydberg states can be used to control the state of ensembles at the level of individual quanta. It is also noted that even simple processes involving atom-photon correlations can be used to effectively manipulate the ensemble states. Potentially these techniques can be used for implementation of important concepts from quantum information science.

Reviews of Modern Physics•Apr 9, 2003•1,140 citations

Toward nonclassical light storage via atomic-vapor Raman scattering

Caspar H. van der Wal, Matthew D. Eisaman, Alexander S. Zibrov +4 more

We present experimental work that investigates whether quantum information carried by light can be stored via reversible mapping of the quantum state of such light onto a collective atomic coherence. Such a quantum memory could be utilized to allow quantum communication over long, lossy channels. Current efforts concentrate on writing a photon-number-squeezed state of light onto a collective coherence between the ground-state hyperfine levels of 87Rb atoms in a warm vapor cell, and subsequent on-demand retrieval of this light. In this approach, intensity squeezing between the written and retrieved photon fields provides evidence for storage of a photon-number-squeezed state of light. The scheme is based on spontaneous Raman transitions that create the atomic coherence, and at the same time convert control fields into signal fields that propagate under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. We present experimental results demonstrating the storage and retrieval of light using this method, and discuss techniques for measuring intensity squeezing between these photon fields.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 9, 2003•1 citation

Quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles

Klemens Hammerer, Anders Søndberg Sørensen, Eugene Simon Polzik

During the past decade the interaction of light with multiatom ensembles has attracted much attention as a basic building block for quantum information processing and quantum state engineering. The field started with the realization that optically thick free space ensembles can be efficiently interfaced with quantum optical fields. By now the atomic ensemble-light interfaces have become a powerful alternative to the cavity-enhanced interaction of light with single atoms. Various mechanisms used for the quantum interface are discussed, including quantum nondemolition or Faraday interaction, quantum measurement and feedback, Raman interaction, photon echo, and electromagnetically induced transparency. This review provides a common theoretical frame for these processes, describes basic experimental techniques and media used for quantum interfaces, and reviews several key experiments on quantum memory for light, quantum entanglement between atomic ensembles and light, and quantum teleportation with atomic ensembles. The two types of quantum measurements which are most important for the interface are discussed: homodyne detection and photon counting. This review concludes with an outlook on the future of atomic ensembles as an enabling technology in quantum information processing.

arXiv:0807.3358•Reviews of Modern Physics•Apr 5, 2010•1,286 citations

Quantum state manipulation via Raman coherence

Yong-qing Li, Changan Xie

Summary form only given. The study on the interaction between electromagnetic fields and multi-level atoms or molecules has discovered many interesting effects including electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) enhanced dispersion with reduced absorption, and lasing without inversion. Recent interests include ultraslow group velocity of light, and superluminal light propagation. Atomic coherence created between different atomic levels plays an essential rule in these experiments. On the other hand, quantum features in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and three-level systems based on atomic coherence have attracted extensive theoretical interests. These include generation of amplitude-squeezed and quantum noise-correlated states of light with EIT, entanglement of atomic states with light fields, and quantum memory for light. According to these theoretical works, manipulation of quantum states of either light fields or atoms via atomic coherence is possible. We study quantum state manipulation of light via coherently driven Raman coherence in a /spl Lambda/-type three-level system of rubidium vapor under far off one-photon resonance condition both theoretically and experimentally.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•Nov 13, 2002•0 citations

Theory of Light - Atomic Ensemble Interactions: Entanglement, Storage, and Retrieval

S. D. Jenkins

In this thesis, we explore the quantum dynamics of light interactions with optically thick collections of atoms. We provide a theoretical description of several recent experiments in which some key operations necessary for the implementation of quantum communication networks are demonstrated. Collective Raman scattering from an atomic ensemble is shown to produce probabilistic entanglement between the polarization of a scattered photon and an associated collective atomic excitation. The predicted correlations agree with experimental observations. We also propose a method to use cascade transitions to produce entanglement between a photon with a frequency in the telecom range (ideal for transmission over optical fibers) and a near infrared photon (ideal for storage in an atomic ensemble), and a description of the experimental demonstration is provided. We also propose and describe the implementation of a deterministic source of single photons.\n\nIn addition, we generalize the theory of dark-state polaritons in ensembles of three level Lambda atoms to account for the nuclear spin degeneracy of alkali atoms. This generalized theory provides a description of the first demonstration of single photon storage and retrieval from atomic ensembles. Additionally, in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, we predict the occurrence of collapses and revivals of the photon retrieval efficiency as a function of storage time within the ensemble. These predictions are in very good agreement with subsequent experimental observations. We also exploit the ability of photon storage to entangle remote atomic qubits.

•Sep 27, 2006•1 citation

Atom-Field QuantumState Manipulation andStorage

Aurélien Dantan, Alberto Bramati, Nicolas Treps

We present various schemes tomanipulate andstore quantumoptical fields into atomic ensembles andshowhowtorealize quantummemoryoperations, entangle atomic ensembles or teleport anatomic ensemble quantum state withhighefficiency. A major challenge inquantum information andcommunication lies intheability tomanipulate andstore quantum states ondemand. Quantum networks consisting ofatomic ensemble nodes connected bylight represent apromising, wayto achieve robust quantum communication. Because ofthelonglifetime oftheir ground state spin, atomic ensembles are goodcandidates tostore thequantum state ofoptical light fields. Wepropose ascheme toachieve quasi-perfect atom-field quantum state transfers inon-resonance Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) oroff-resonant Ramanconfigurations (11. Weshowthat dissipation isnegligible forsuch interactions, sothat thequantum states arepreserved during transfer operations. Wefirst showhowtomapabroadband squeezed vacuumontotheatomic ground state coherence ofaspin-polarized ensembles. Wefind theoptimal conditions forhighefficiency transfer andpresent amethod toreadout theatomic state inorder toperform aquantum memoryoperation (11. Wealso compare cavity andsingle passschemes; eventhough a cavity interaction turns outtobemoreefficient, single passinteraction should allow forverygoodquality transfer for realistic experimental parameters. We thenpropose toentangle twomacroscopic atomic ensembles using apairofEPR-correlated incident fields. Entanglement isalsoshowntobeconserved during on-resonant oroff-resonant interactions, andcanbestored fora longtimeintwospatially separated ensembles (2). Theatomic entanglement canthenbereadout intheoptical fields exiting thecavities.

•Jan 1, 2005•0 citations
We review several ideas for manipulation of quantum information using atomic ensembles and photons and describe some preliminary experiments toward their implementation. In particular, we review a technique that allows for robust transfer of quantum states between light fields and metastable states of matter. Next we discuss the use of Raman scattering to produce robust entanglement of atomic ensembles via realistic (i.e., absorbing) channels. Finally, we present preliminary experimental results related to the implementation of entanglement via Raman scattering. Specifically, we present experimental studies of the intensity fluctuations in resonantly enhanced Raman scattering from a warm 85Rb vapor cell under conditions of EIT. A crossover between the Bose-Einstein and Poisson statistics of Raman light is observed and it is shown that the noise properties of Raman fields can be mirrored in transmitted pump beams.
Modern optical techniques allow one to accurately control light using atoms and to manipulate atoms using light. In this Colloquium the author reviews several ideas indicating how such techniques can be used for accurate manipulation of quantum states of atomic ensembles and photons. First a technique is discussed that allows one to transfer quantum states between light fields and metastable states of matter. The technique is based on trapping quantum states of photons in coherently driven atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced to zero. Next, possible mechanisms are outlined for manipulating quantum states of atomic ensembles. Specifically, a ``dipole blockade'' technique is considered in which optical excitation of mesoscopic samples into Rydberg states can be used to control the state of ensembles at the level of individual quanta. It is also noted that even simple processes involving atom-photon correlations can be used to effectively manipulate the ensemble states. Potentially these techniques can be used for implementation of important concepts from quantum information science.
We present experimental work that investigates whether quantum information carried by light can be stored via reversible mapping of the quantum state of such light onto a collective atomic coherence. Such a quantum memory could be utilized to allow quantum communication over long, lossy channels. Current efforts concentrate on writing a photon-number-squeezed state of light onto a collective coherence between the ground-state hyperfine levels of 87Rb atoms in a warm vapor cell, and subsequent on-demand retrieval of this light. In this approach, intensity squeezing between the written and retrieved photon fields provides evidence for storage of a photon-number-squeezed state of light. The scheme is based on spontaneous Raman transitions that create the atomic coherence, and at the same time convert control fields into signal fields that propagate under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. We present experimental results demonstrating the storage and retrieval of light using this method, and discuss techniques for measuring intensity squeezing between these photon fields.
During the past decade the interaction of light with multiatom ensembles has attracted much attention as a basic building block for quantum information processing and quantum state engineering. The field started with the realization that optically thick free space ensembles can be efficiently interfaced with quantum optical fields. By now the atomic ensemble-light interfaces have become a powerful alternative to the cavity-enhanced interaction of light with single atoms. Various mechanisms used for the quantum interface are discussed, including quantum nondemolition or Faraday interaction, quantum measurement and feedback, Raman interaction, photon echo, and electromagnetically induced transparency. This review provides a common theoretical frame for these processes, describes basic experimental techniques and media used for quantum interfaces, and reviews several key experiments on quantum memory for light, quantum entanglement between atomic ensembles and light, and quantum teleportation with atomic ensembles. The two types of quantum measurements which are most important for the interface are discussed: homodyne detection and photon counting. This review concludes with an outlook on the future of atomic ensembles as an enabling technology in quantum information processing.
Summary form only given. The study on the interaction between electromagnetic fields and multi-level atoms or molecules has discovered many interesting effects including electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) enhanced dispersion with reduced absorption, and lasing without inversion. Recent interests include ultraslow group velocity of light, and superluminal light propagation. Atomic coherence created between different atomic levels plays an essential rule in these experiments. On the other hand, quantum features in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and three-level systems based on atomic coherence have attracted extensive theoretical interests. These include generation of amplitude-squeezed and quantum noise-correlated states of light with EIT, entanglement of atomic states with light fields, and quantum memory for light. According to these theoretical works, manipulation of quantum states of either light fields or atoms via atomic coherence is possible. We study quantum state manipulation of light via coherently driven Raman coherence in a /spl Lambda/-type three-level system of rubidium vapor under far off one-photon resonance condition both theoretically and experimentally.
In this thesis, we explore the quantum dynamics of light interactions with optically thick collections of atoms. We provide a theoretical description of several recent experiments in which some key operations necessary for the implementation of quantum communication networks are demonstrated. Collective Raman scattering from an atomic ensemble is shown to produce probabilistic entanglement between the polarization of a scattered photon and an associated collective atomic excitation. The predicted correlations agree with experimental observations. We also propose a method to use cascade transitions to produce entanglement between a photon with a frequency in the telecom range (ideal for transmission over optical fibers) and a near infrared photon (ideal for storage in an atomic ensemble), and a description of the experimental demonstration is provided. We also propose and describe the implementation of a deterministic source of single photons.\n\nIn addition, we generalize the theory of dark-state polaritons in ensembles of three level Lambda atoms to account for the nuclear spin degeneracy of alkali atoms. This generalized theory provides a description of the first demonstration of single photon storage and retrieval from atomic ensembles. Additionally, in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, we predict the occurrence of collapses and revivals of the photon retrieval efficiency as a function of storage time within the ensemble. These predictions are in very good agreement with subsequent experimental observations. We also exploit the ability of photon storage to entangle remote atomic qubits.
We present various schemes tomanipulate andstore quantumoptical fields into atomic ensembles andshowhowtorealize quantummemoryoperations, entangle atomic ensembles or teleport anatomic ensemble quantum state withhighefficiency. A major challenge inquantum information andcommunication lies intheability tomanipulate andstore quantum states ondemand. Quantum networks consisting ofatomic ensemble nodes connected bylight represent apromising, wayto achieve robust quantum communication. Because ofthelonglifetime oftheir ground state spin, atomic ensembles are goodcandidates tostore thequantum state ofoptical light fields. Wepropose ascheme toachieve quasi-perfect atom-field quantum state transfers inon-resonance Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) oroff-resonant Ramanconfigurations (11. Weshowthat dissipation isnegligible forsuch interactions, sothat thequantum states arepreserved during transfer operations. Wefirst showhowtomapabroadband squeezed vacuumontotheatomic ground state coherence ofaspin-polarized ensembles. Wefind theoptimal conditions forhighefficiency transfer andpresent amethod toreadout theatomic state inorder toperform aquantum memoryoperation (11. Wealso compare cavity andsingle passschemes; eventhough a cavity interaction turns outtobemoreefficient, single passinteraction should allow forverygoodquality transfer for realistic experimental parameters. We thenpropose toentangle twomacroscopic atomic ensembles using apairofEPR-correlated incident fields. Entanglement isalsoshowntobeconserved during on-resonant oroff-resonant interactions, andcanbestored fora longtimeintwospatially separated ensembles (2). Theatomic entanglement canthenbereadout intheoptical fields exiting thecavities.