Pressure shift of atomic resonance lines in liquid and

S. I. Kanorsky, Antoine Weis, Markus Arndt, R. Dziewior, Hans Kopfermannstrasse

Published Jan 1, 1995• 0 citations

Abstract

We show that for atoms trapped in a liquid He matrix the excitation and emission spectra can be quantit- atively described by the bubble model which treats the matrix as an incompressible continuous medium. Com- parison with experimental results shows that the model also holds for a solid matrix. The model is only valid in the case where the attractive He-He interaction dominates the attractive part of the foreign atom-helium interaction. Its failure in the case of implanted Na atoms is discussed.

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Abstract

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We have measured the pressure broadening and shift of the excitation and emission lines of the 6

{\mathit{s}}^{2}

^{1}

{\mathit{S}}_{0}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p

^{1}

{\mathit{P}}_{1}

transition of Ba atoms implanted in liquid and solid helium at 1.5 K. The observed spectra are quantitatively explained within the adiabatic line-broadening theory by assuming a bubble structure of the trapping sites for the Ba atoms. The evolution of the bubble shape and size in the optical excitation-deexcitation cycle is modeled theoretically.

{\mathit{D}}_{2}

excitation spectra are found to have double peaks, indicating the existence of anisotropic oscillations of the bubble surface. The disappearance of the

{\mathit{D}}_{2}

emission lines and the pressure-dependent quenching of the Rb

{\mathit{D}}_{1}

emission lines are also discussed.

{4f}^{13}{(}^{2}{F}_{7/2}^{o}{)6s}^{2}

, which indicates that the transition between the inner shells is weakly perturbed by surrounding helium atoms. The pressure dependence of the emission wavelength suggests that the symmetry of helium atoms distributed around a thulium atom in the solid phase is similar to that in the liquid phase. The emission intensity was stable and large in the solid phase since thulium atoms were trapped at a density of 10

{}^{10}

--10

{}^{11}

atoms/cm

{}^{3}

. The lifetime of the excited state was measured to be $7.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ $\ensuremath{\mu}$s, which was longer than that of the

{4f}^{12}{(}^{3}{H}_{6}{)5d}_{5/2}{6s}^{2}

{(6,5/2)}_{7/2}

state of free thulium atoms. The excited state is expected to be a mixed state of the

{4f}^{12}{5d6s}^{2}

and

{4f}^{13}6s6p

configurations. The metastable state

{4f}^{13}{(}^{2}{F}_{5/2}^{o}{)6s}^{2}

is populated by a radiative transition from this excited state and relaxes to the ground state through a magnetic dipole transition. The lifetime of the metastable state of a neutral thulium atom was measured to be $75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$ ms.

We report a study of implantation and optical spectroscopy of foreign atoms in a solid-helium matrix. With a sample of more than

{10}^{9}

Ba atoms in 1

{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}

, a storage time in excess of 5 hours has been demonstrated. Laser-induced fluorescence studies favor the assumption that the isotropy of the trapping site for the implanted atoms is preserved during the liquid-to-solid phase transition.

We present a systematic experimental study of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the $6{S}_{1∕2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}6{P}_{1∕2}$ transition in Cs atoms isolated in solid

^{4}\mathrm{He}

matrices. The bubble model developed earlier for alkali-metal atoms in liquid He is revised and applied to the present system. The analysis of the dependencies of absorption and fluorescence wavelengths on He pressure in liquid and solid He (cubic and hexagonal) environments leads us to modify the bubble model by taking the elastic deformation of solid He by the atomic bubble into account.