Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Optical spectroscopy of atoms trapped in solid helium

S. I. Kanorsky, Markus Arndt, R. Dziewior, Antoine Weis, Theodor W. Hänsch

Published Feb 1, 1994• 91 citations

Abstract

We report a study of implantation and optical spectroscopy of foreign atoms in a solid-helium matrix. With a sample of more than ${10}^{9}$ Ba atoms in 1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, a storage time in excess of 5 hours has been demonstrated. Laser-induced fluorescence studies favor the assumption that the isotropy of the trapping site for the implanted atoms is preserved during the liquid-to-solid phase transition.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.3645

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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Optical spectroscopy of atoms trapped in solid helium

S. I. Kanorsky, Markus Arndt, R. Dziewior, Antoine Weis, Theodor W. Hänsch

Published Feb 1, 1994• 91 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We report a study of implantation and optical spectroscopy of foreign atoms in a solid-helium matrix. With a sample of more than

{10}^{9}

Ba atoms in 1

{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}

, a storage time in excess of 5 hours has been demonstrated. Laser-induced fluorescence studies favor the assumption that the isotropy of the trapping site for the implanted atoms is preserved during the liquid-to-solid phase transition.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.3645

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S. I. Kanorsky, Markus Arndt, R. Dziewior +2 more

We have measured the pressure broadening and shift of the excitation and emission lines of the 6 ${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$ ${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p $^{1}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition of Ba atoms implanted in liquid and solid helium at 1.5 K. The observed spectra are quantitatively explained within the adiabatic line-broadening theory by assuming a bubble structure of the trapping sites for the Ba atoms. The evolution of the bubble shape and size in the optical excitation-deexcitation cycle is modeled theoretically.We have measured the pressure broadening and shift of the excitation and emission lines of the 6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p $^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition of Ba atoms implanted in liquid and solid helium at 1.5 K. The observed spectra are quantitatively explained within the adiabatic line-broadening theory by assuming a bubble structure of the trapping sites for the Ba atoms. The evolution of the bubble shape and size in the optical excitation-deexcitation cycle is modeled theoretically.

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S. I. Kanorsky, Antoine Weis, Markus Arndt +2 more

We show that for atoms trapped in a liquid He matrix the excitation and emission spectra can be quantit- atively described by the bubble model which treats the matrix as an incompressible continuous medium. Com- parison with experimental results shows that the model also holds for a solid matrix. The model is only valid in the case where the attractive He-He interaction dominates the attractive part of the foreign atom-helium interaction. Its failure in the case of implanted Na atoms is discussed.We show that for atoms trapped in a liquid He matrix the excitation and emission spectra can be quantit- atively described by the bubble model which treats the matrix as an incompressible continuous medium. Com- parison with experimental results shows that the model also holds for a solid matrix. The model is only valid in the case where the attractive He-He interaction dominates the attractive part of the foreign atom-helium interaction. Its failure in the case of implanted Na atoms is discussed.

Jan 1, 19950 citations

We report a study of implantation and optical spectroscopy of foreign atoms in a solid-helium matrix. With a sample of more than

{10}^{9}

Ba atoms in 1

{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}

{}^{3}{D}_{1}

metastable state has lifetime of 2.6 s and can be used as an intermediate state in two-step excitations of high-lying states. Various matrix-induced radiationless population transfer channels have been identified.

{4f}^{13}{(}^{2}{F}_{7/2}^{o}{)6s}^{2}

, which indicates that the transition between the inner shells is weakly perturbed by surrounding helium atoms. The pressure dependence of the emission wavelength suggests that the symmetry of helium atoms distributed around a thulium atom in the solid phase is similar to that in the liquid phase. The emission intensity was stable and large in the solid phase since thulium atoms were trapped at a density of 10

{}^{10}

--10

{}^{11}

atoms/cm

{}^{3}

. The lifetime of the excited state was measured to be $7.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ $\ensuremath{\mu}$s, which was longer than that of the

{4f}^{12}{(}^{3}{H}_{6}{)5d}_{5/2}{6s}^{2}

{(6,5/2)}_{7/2}

state of free thulium atoms. The excited state is expected to be a mixed state of the

{4f}^{12}{5d6s}^{2}

and

{4f}^{13}6s6p

configurations. The metastable state

{4f}^{13}{(}^{2}{F}_{5/2}^{o}{)6s}^{2}

is populated by a radiative transition from this excited state and relaxes to the ground state through a magnetic dipole transition. The lifetime of the metastable state of a neutral thulium atom was measured to be $75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$ ms.

We have detected by optical means nonfluorescing

{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

and

{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

atoms implanted in a body centered cubic

{}^{4}\mathrm{He}

crystal. In contrast to cesium the resonance fluorescence of rubidium is strongly quenched by the helium matrix, and the weak resonance absorption of the two Rb isotopes was detected using a double resonance technique. From a comparative study of the (optically detected) magnetic resonance spectra of

{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

, and

{}^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

we infer their effective

{g}_{F}

factors and conclude that they are not perturbed by the He matrix at a level of $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. We show further that optical pumping of Rb proceeds via depopulation, whereas for Cs it proceeds via repopulation.

We have measured the pressure broadening and shift of the excitation and emission lines of the 6

{\mathit{s}}^{2}

^{1}

{\mathit{S}}_{0}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p

^{1}

{\mathit{P}}_{1}

transition of Ba atoms implanted in liquid and solid helium at 1.5 K. The observed spectra are quantitatively explained within the adiabatic line-broadening theory by assuming a bubble structure of the trapping sites for the Ba atoms. The evolution of the bubble shape and size in the optical excitation-deexcitation cycle is modeled theoretically.