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Towards a Heralded Single Photon Source Model Based on Photonic Crystal: Constraints and Feasibility

Rihab Chatta, Moez Attia, Amor Gueddana

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper we present a scheme of a heralded single photon source based on active two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) over LiNbO3 excited by continuous pump laser source. The use of 2D photonic crystal could improve the conversion light efficiency and obtain height density of mode (DOM) at 1310nm and 1550nm, which will increase the probability of obtaining single photon. The scheme is based on two photonic crystals arranged in serial configuration. The first one acts as extractor of the two wavelengths, and the second as a demultiplexer and can be considered as a time-delay coupler. Also constraints related to manufacturing process are reported in order to show performances of the CP on the heralded single photon source model.

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We report a heralded single photon source model; it consists on active two-dimensional crystal over LiNbO3excited by a laser source at (1310 nm and 1550 nm). Photons detected through the crystal are filtered to eliminate of the laser source one. The photons at 1310 nm and 1550 nm will be spatially separated; the photon at 1310 nm is the trigger to announce the photon at 1550 nm. The contribution of this work is the using of the 2D photonic crystal to improve the conversion light efficiency and obtain height DOM at 1310 nm and 1550 nm, which will increase the probability to obtain single photon. This study can serve for the conception of new quantum communications protocols.

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Abstract We study implementing a heralded single-photon source with second-order nonlinear photonic crystals. Injecting pump and signal light beams into a one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of a material with a large second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ ( 2 ) , we can transform the coherent incident signal light into squeezed light. Preparing two squeezed light beams by this method and input them into two ports of a 50-50 beam splitter independently, we can transform them into a two-mode squeezed state. Because those two modes of photons share entanglement, a single photon of the one mode is emitted with a high probability on the condition of the single-photon detection of the other mode as a heralding signal. We evaluate the efficiency and the second-order intensity correlation function g ( 2 ) ( 0 ) for this heralded single-photon source. Moreover, we examine changes in the efficiency and g ( 2 ) ( 0 ) when we assume that the single-photon detector for the heralding signal is imperfect. For a specific concrete example, we consider a case where the nonlinear medium is lithium niobate LiNbO 3 and the frequency of the incident signal light is on the order of 1014 Hz.

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In this work we address a comparison study between two kinds of Single Photon Sources (SPS). The first SPS is an Enhanced SPS (ESPS), which consists of an association between InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot (QD) and photonic crystal (PC) microcavity. The ESPS emits a single photon at 1550 nm with probability P1 around 0.7. The second SPS is the Heralded SPS (HSPS) and based on active two-dimensional PC over LiNbO3 and emits photons at 1310 nm and 1550nm. The photon at 1310 nm triggers the detection mechanism of the photon at 1550nm. The probability to obtain a HSPS at 1550 nm is closed to 0.57. Finally, we present a comparison study between ESPS and HSPS when they are used in an application of quantum communication.

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Photonic crystal fibre-based source of heralded single photons with high mode purity and efficiency

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Summary form only given. Recent progress in quantum information processing has highlighted the benefits of integrated optic devices for quantum applications (e.g.[l]). The miniaturization of systems with increased complexity drastically reduces the required space and paves the way for future commercialization.In the past five years, several groups have demonstrated promising approaches to achieve quantum interference and photonic gates on-chip (e.g.[2]). However, in all of these experiments the preparation of the photon pairs has been performed outside the integrated devices employing bulk crystal parametric down-conversion (PDC) sources, while the efficient coupling between these sources and the integrated circuit remains as a bottleneck for the design of systems with increasing complexity. On the other hand remarkable efforts have been devoted to the development of integrated PDC sources for photon pair generation inside channel waveguides [3]. The main benefits of guided-wave PDC processes include high conversion efficiencies and spatial mode control. We combine the prospects of an efficient type-I PDC source based on Titanium-indiffused periodically poled Z-cut Lithium Niobate waveguides (Ti:PPLN) with a passive wavelength division demultiplexing coupler on-chip, shown in Figure 1. The coupler allows for excellent spatial separation generated photon pairs. The non-degenerate decay of pump photons at 532 nm into signal and idler photons provides us with a photon pair at wavelengths of 1575 nm and 800 nm, respectively. Thus low-loss fiber transmission of the prepared states at 1575 nm can be accomplished on the one hand, while on the other hand efficient heralding of conditioned states can be implemented with off-the-shelf silicon-based detectors. The quality and efficiency of our source was improved by the deposition of endface-coatings. This allows for the efficient launching of pump light into the waveguide and it simultaneously provides a close-toperfect transmission of signal and idler at the output of our source, reflecting the pump light by more than 99%. In conditioned coincidence measurements in the picosecond pulsed regime we achieved heralding of single photons with almost no influence of background radiation, expressed by high coincidences-toaccidentals ratios up to CAR > 7400. The preparation exceeded 60% of efficiency in the low pump power regime, accompanied with ultra-low second-order correlation functions of g(2) (0) <; 4.10-3. These figures of merit in conjunction with the integration of active and passive elements make our source a candidate for a basic building block in more complex and miniaturized quantum network realizations in the future.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•May 1, 2013•1 citation
In this paper we present a scheme of a heralded single photon source based on active two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) over LiNbO3 excited by continuous pump laser source. The use of 2D photonic crystal could improve the conversion light efficiency and obtain height density of mode (DOM) at 1310nm and 1550nm, which will increase the probability of obtaining single photon. The scheme is based on two photonic crystals arranged in serial configuration. The first one acts as extractor of the two wavelengths, and the second as a demultiplexer and can be considered as a time-delay coupler. Also constraints related to manufacturing process are reported in order to show performances of the CP on the heralded single photon source model.
We report a heralded single photon source model; it consists on active two-dimensional crystal over LiNbO3excited by a laser source at (1310 nm and 1550 nm). Photons detected through the crystal are filtered to eliminate of the laser source one. The photons at 1310 nm and 1550 nm will be spatially separated; the photon at 1310 nm is the trigger to announce the photon at 1550 nm. The contribution of this work is the using of the 2D photonic crystal to improve the conversion light efficiency and obtain height DOM at 1310 nm and 1550 nm, which will increase the probability to obtain single photon. This study can serve for the conception of new quantum communications protocols.
Abstract We study implementing a heralded single-photon source with second-order nonlinear photonic crystals. Injecting pump and signal light beams into a one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of a material with a large second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ ( 2 ) , we can transform the coherent incident signal light into squeezed light. Preparing two squeezed light beams by this method and input them into two ports of a 50-50 beam splitter independently, we can transform them into a two-mode squeezed state. Because those two modes of photons share entanglement, a single photon of the one mode is emitted with a high probability on the condition of the single-photon detection of the other mode as a heralding signal. We evaluate the efficiency and the second-order intensity correlation function g ( 2 ) ( 0 ) for this heralded single-photon source. Moreover, we examine changes in the efficiency and g ( 2 ) ( 0 ) when we assume that the single-photon detector for the heralding signal is imperfect. For a specific concrete example, we consider a case where the nonlinear medium is lithium niobate LiNbO 3 and the frequency of the incident signal light is on the order of 1014 Hz.
In this work we address a comparison study between two kinds of Single Photon Sources (SPS). The first SPS is an Enhanced SPS (ESPS), which consists of an association between InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot (QD) and photonic crystal (PC) microcavity. The ESPS emits a single photon at 1550 nm with probability P1 around 0.7. The second SPS is the Heralded SPS (HSPS) and based on active two-dimensional PC over LiNbO3 and emits photons at 1310 nm and 1550nm. The photon at 1310 nm triggers the detection mechanism of the photon at 1550nm. The probability to obtain a HSPS at 1550 nm is closed to 0.57. Finally, we present a comparison study between ESPS and HSPS when they are used in an application of quantum communication.
We demonstrate and characterize a heralded single photon source which is based on the signal and idler photon pairs generated from pulse pumped spontaneous four wave mixing in photonic crystal fibre. The heralded single photons are approximately in a pure temporal mode, achieved by eliminating the frequency correlation of the photon pairs. Since the influence of Raman scattering is negligible and no narrow bandpass filter is employed, the heralding efficiency of the source is up to 85%. When the production rate is 0.002 pair/pulse, the measured second-order intensity correlation function of the heralded single photons is , which is suppressed by a factor of more than 80 relative to the classical Poissonian light limit. In addition, the demonstrated source is pumped by a photonic crystal fibre laser, which makes the source more compact and low-cost.
We propose a compact scheme for the heralded generation of single-photon multipartite entanglement by using a single two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal. Studies have shown that by appropriate structure design, the single-photon entanglement shared among three spatially distinct optical modes can be generated through three concurrent spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes by using the other photon in an identical spatial mode as a trigger. Furthermore, we analyze the entanglement of such heralded single-photon tripartite W-type state theoretically. This method can be expanded for the heralded single-photon N-partite entanglement generation. This compact and stable quantum light source may act as a key ingredient in quantum information science.
Summary form only given. Recent progress in quantum information processing has highlighted the benefits of integrated optic devices for quantum applications (e.g.[l]). The miniaturization of systems with increased complexity drastically reduces the required space and paves the way for future commercialization.In the past five years, several groups have demonstrated promising approaches to achieve quantum interference and photonic gates on-chip (e.g.[2]). However, in all of these experiments the preparation of the photon pairs has been performed outside the integrated devices employing bulk crystal parametric down-conversion (PDC) sources, while the efficient coupling between these sources and the integrated circuit remains as a bottleneck for the design of systems with increasing complexity. On the other hand remarkable efforts have been devoted to the development of integrated PDC sources for photon pair generation inside channel waveguides [3]. The main benefits of guided-wave PDC processes include high conversion efficiencies and spatial mode control. We combine the prospects of an efficient type-I PDC source based on Titanium-indiffused periodically poled Z-cut Lithium Niobate waveguides (Ti:PPLN) with a passive wavelength division demultiplexing coupler on-chip, shown in Figure 1. The coupler allows for excellent spatial separation generated photon pairs. The non-degenerate decay of pump photons at 532 nm into signal and idler photons provides us with a photon pair at wavelengths of 1575 nm and 800 nm, respectively. Thus low-loss fiber transmission of the prepared states at 1575 nm can be accomplished on the one hand, while on the other hand efficient heralding of conditioned states can be implemented with off-the-shelf silicon-based detectors. The quality and efficiency of our source was improved by the deposition of endface-coatings. This allows for the efficient launching of pump light into the waveguide and it simultaneously provides a close-toperfect transmission of signal and idler at the output of our source, reflecting the pump light by more than 99%. In conditioned coincidence measurements in the picosecond pulsed regime we achieved heralding of single photons with almost no influence of background radiation, expressed by high coincidences-toaccidentals ratios up to CAR > 7400. The preparation exceeded 60% of efficiency in the low pump power regime, accompanied with ultra-low second-order correlation functions of g(2) (0) <; 4.10-3. These figures of merit in conjunction with the integration of active and passive elements make our source a candidate for a basic building block in more complex and miniaturized quantum network realizations in the future.