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Efficient teleportation between remote single-atom quantum

Andreas Neuzner, Andreas Reiserer, Carolin Hahn, Gerhard Rempe

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Institute of Quantum Optics — Teleportation is a prerequisite for the transfer of quantum information over large distances when the losses inherent in any quantum channel preclude a direct transfer. We demonstrate teleportation between two single-atom quantum memories in distant laboratories. By implementing a timeresolved photonic Bell-state measurement (BSM), which is based on two-photon quantum inference, we achieve a teleportation fidelity of 88 %, largely determined by our entanglement fidelity. The problem of limited photon collection efficiency in free space is overcome by trapping each atom in an optical cavity. Compared to previous experiments with remote single material qubits, our approach boosts the overall efficiency by almost five orders of magnitude. This results in success probabilities not predominantly limited by the photon generation and collection efficiency but by the transmission and detection losses inherent in the photonic BSM.

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Institute of Quantum Optics — Teleportation is a prerequisite for the transfer of quantum information over large distances when the losses inherent in any quantum channel preclude a direct transfer. We demonstrate teleportation between two single-atom quantum memories in distant laboratories. By implementing a timeresolved photonic Bell-state measurement (BSM), which is based on two-photon quantum inference, we achieve a teleportation fidelity of 88 %, largely determined by our entanglement fidelity. The problem of limited photon collection efficiency in free space is overcome by trapping each atom in an optical cavity. Compared to previous experiments with remote single material qubits, our approach boosts the overall efficiency by almost five orders of magnitude. This results in success probabilities not predominantly limited by the photon generation and collection efficiency but by the transmission and detection losses inherent in the photonic BSM.
We demonstrate teleportation of quantum bits between two single atoms in distant laboratories. Using a time-resolved photonic Bell-state measurement, we achieve a teleportation fidelity of (88.0 ± 1.5)%, largely determined by our entanglement fidelity. The low photon collection efficiency in free space is overcome by trapping each atom in an optical cavity. The resulting success probability of 0.1% is almost 5 orders of magnitude larger than in previous experiments with remote material qubits. It is mainly limited by photon propagation and detection losses and can be enhanced with a cavity-based deterministic Bell-state measurement.
Quantum teleportation and quantum memory are two crucial elements for large-scale quantum networks. With the help of prior distributed entanglement as a "quantum channel," quantum teleportation provides an intriguing means to faithfully transfer quantum states among distant locations without actual transmission of the physical carriers [Bennett CH, et al. (1993) Phys Rev Lett 70(13):1895-1899]. Quantum memory enables controlled storage and retrieval of fast-flying photonic quantum bits with stationary matter systems, which is essential to achieve the scalability required for large-scale quantum networks. Combining these two capabilities, here we realize quantum teleportation between two remote atomic-ensemble quantum memory nodes, each composed of ∼10(8) rubidium atoms and connected by a 150-m optical fiber. The spin wave state of one atomic ensemble is mapped to a propagating photon and subjected to Bell state measurements with another single photon that is entangled with the spin wave state of the other ensemble. Two-photon detection events herald the success of teleportation with an average fidelity of 88(7)%. Besides its fundamental interest as a teleportation between two remote macroscopic objects, our technique may be useful for quantum information transfer between different nodes in quantum networks and distributed quantum computing.
Faithful long-distance quantum teleportation necessitates prior entanglement distribution between two communicated locations. The particle carrying on the unknown quantum information is then combined with one particle of the entangled states for Bell-state measurements, which leads to a transfer of the original quantum information onto the other particle of the entangled states. However in most of the implemented teleportation experiments nowadays, the Bell-state measurements are performed even before successful distribution of entanglement. This leads to an instant collapse of the quantum state for the transmitted particle, which is actually a single-particle transmission thereafter. Thus the true distance for quantum teleportation is, in fact, only in a level of meters. In the present experiment we design a novel scheme which has overcome this limit by utilizing fiber as quantum memory. A complete quantum teleportation is achieved upon successful entanglement distribution over 967 meters in public free space. Active feed-forward control techniques are developed for real-time transfer of quantum information. The overall experimental fidelities for teleported states are better than 89.6%, which signify high-quality teleportation.
Photon loss is the biggest enemy in quantum communications. Direct transmission typically results in a small fraction of photons surviving over long distances, hindering advanced applications such as loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation offers a "disembodied" way of transferring particles through a virtual channel--quantum entanglement--which, in principle, could overcome the photon transmission loss. Experimentally, however, no previous quantum teleportation of single photons has shown a higher survival probability than using direct transmission. To overcome this challenge, here we first propose and demonstrate an all-optical scheme for remote preparation of entangled photons. Through an effective 15-dB channel loss, we realize a heralding efficiency of 82% for event-ready entangled photons. Based on the prior distributed entanglement, we demonstrate that teleportation-based transmission efficiency offers a 2.95-fold enhancement, compared to using direct transmission through the same channel, therefore establishing an unconditional teleportational advantage.
Summary form only given. Quantum teleportation allows to transfer the quantum state of a particle to a remote location without sending the particle itself. This makes it a versatile tool for the distribution of quantum states over long distances or the remote preparation of quantum memories as they are necessary in various scenarios of quantum information processing and quantum communication. In this context atomic systems are often discussed as promising candidates for the storage and manipulation of qubit states whereas photonic qubit states are easy to prepare and to distribute. Hybrid systems of entangled atom-photon pairs can serve as an interface between those different carriers of quantum information. We utilize this property to perform teleportation of the polarization state of an attenuated laser pulse onto a single atom over a distance of 20m.Our experimental sequence consists of two steps. First the spin state of the single atom is entangled with the polarization state of a single photon in a spontaneous emission process [1]. The single photon is then sent to a second laboratory 20m away where an attenuated laser pulse with a well defined polarization state |Ψ) is prepared. In a second step a Bell-state measurement on the joint polarization state of the single photon from the atom and the attenuated laser pulse is performed (Fig. 1a). This is done via interference of the photon and the pulse at a fiber beam-splitter and subsequent coincidence detection of photons at the outputs of the beam-splitter (Fig. 1b). This teleports the input state |Ψ) onto the atom - up to a unitary tranformation depending on the outcome of the Bell-state measurement.need to be indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom except for their polarization. In particular, the temporal shape of the pulse was matched to that of the single photon using an arbitrary waveform generator and an AOM in a closed-loop feedback control. We performed this experiment with input states |Ψ) = |H), |+45°) and |R) and evaluated the fidelity to find the atom in the correspondig output state. For |+45°) and |R) the fraction of coherent pulses containing two or more photons can cause the same signal as expected from a successful Bell-state projection which reduces the overall fidelity to 0.81 and 0.84, respectively. However, for |H) the fidelty is practically only limited by the precision of the atomic state readout and reaches a value of 0.93.
Abstract Quantum teleportation has proven to be fundamental for many quantum information and communication processes. The core concept can be exploited in many tasks, from the transmission of quantum states, quantum repeaters, to quantum computing. However, for linear-optical systems, the efficiency of teleportation is directly linked to the success probability of the involved Bell-state measurement (BSM). In most implementations, this is realized by linear optics with an intrinsically limited success probability of 50%. Here, we demonstrate quantum teleportation surpassing this limit. We achieve an average fidelity of the teleported states of 0.8677 ± 0.0024, leading to an overall acceptance rate of the teleportation of 69.71 ± 0.75%. We obtain this boosted success probability by generating ancillary photonic states that are interfered with the Bell states. Thus, our work demonstrates the boosting BSMs in quantum-technology applications and our scheme could directly be applied to, e.g., quantum repeaters.