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All-Optical CoherentControl ofSpin Dynamics inSemiconductor QuantumDots

Gabriela M. Slavcheva

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A newmodelforrigorous theoretical description of circularly (elliptically) polarized ultrashort optical pulse interac- tions withsingly charged quantumdotsembeddedinsemicon- ductoroptical waveguides andmicrocavities isproposed. The methodisbasedonself-consistent solution inthetimedomainof thevector Maxwellequations coupled viamicroscopic polariza- tiontothecoherent time-evolution equations ofa discrete N- level quantumsystemintermsoftherealpseudospin (coher- ence) vector. Themodelisapplied toa4-level systemdescribing theoptical dipole transitions ofthetrion state inasingly charged quantumdot.Selective optical excitation ofspecific spinstates bypredefined helicity oftheoptical field andanonsetofself- induced transparency andpolarized soliton formation inthe nonlinear regime arenumerically demonstrated. I. INTRODUCTION Theall-optical spinorientation using circularly (elliptically) polarised optical pulses isatechnique ofkeyimportance for gen- eration andmanipulation ofspin-polarised states insemiconduc- tornanostructures inviewofachieving quantum coherent con- trol. Coherent-carrier control insemiconductor quantum dots (QDs) hasrecently attracted significant interest because itallows coherent manipulation ofthecarrier wavefunctions onatime scale shorter than typical dephasing times. This inturn isapre- requisite forsuccessful implementation ofultrafast optical switching andquantum-information processing. Thedipole optical selection rules fortheexcitonic transitions inaQD excited bycircularly polarised light require total angu- lar-momentum projection AJ, = ±1.Thesetransitions canno longer bedescribed byasingle scalar interaction (valid forthe linear polarisation case). Therefore anewmodel ofthecoherent dynamics isneeded toaccount forthepolarisation state ofthe applied electromagnetic field. We develop anewmodelforrig- orous theoretical description ofcircularly (elliptically) polarised ultrashort pulse interactions withtheresonant nonlinearities in planar optical waveguides andsemiconductor microcavities. The method isbased ontheself-consistent Finite-Difference Time- Domain(FDTD)(1)solution ofthevector Maxwell equations coupled viamacroscopic polarisation tothetime-evolution equa- tions ofadiscrete N-level quantum system (2-4) interms ofthe real pseudospin (coherence) vector (5). Ittakes properly into account thevector nature oftheelectromagnetic field andhence thepolarisation state oftheoptical excitation.

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A newmodelforrigorous theoretical description of circularly (elliptically) polarized ultrashort optical pulse interac- tions withsingly charged quantumdotsembeddedinsemicon- ductoroptical waveguides andmicrocavities isproposed. The methodisbasedonself-consistent solution inthetimedomainof thevector Maxwellequations coupled viamicroscopic polariza- tiontothecoherent time-evolution equations ofa discrete N- level quantumsystemintermsoftherealpseudospin (coher- ence) vector. Themodelisapplied toa4-level systemdescribing theoptical dipole transitions ofthetrion state inasingly charged quantumdot.Selective optical excitation ofspecific spinstates bypredefined helicity oftheoptical field andanonsetofself- induced transparency andpolarized soliton formation inthe nonlinear regime arenumerically demonstrated. I. INTRODUCTION Theall-optical spinorientation using circularly (elliptically) polarised optical pulses isatechnique ofkeyimportance for gen- eration andmanipulation ofspin-polarised states insemiconduc- tornanostructures inviewofachieving quantum coherent con- trol. Coherent-carrier control insemiconductor quantum dots (QDs) hasrecently attracted significant interest because itallows coherent manipulation ofthecarrier wavefunctions onatime scale shorter than typical dephasing times. This inturn isapre- requisite forsuccessful implementation ofultrafast optical switching andquantum-information processing. Thedipole optical selection rules fortheexcitonic transitions inaQD excited bycircularly polarised light require total angu- lar-momentum projection AJ, = ±1.Thesetransitions canno longer bedescribed byasingle scalar interaction (valid forthe linear polarisation case). Therefore anewmodel ofthecoherent dynamics isneeded toaccount forthepolarisation state ofthe applied electromagnetic field. We develop anewmodelforrig- orous theoretical description ofcircularly (elliptically) polarised ultrashort pulse interactions withtheresonant nonlinearities in planar optical waveguides andsemiconductor microcavities. The method isbased ontheself-consistent Finite-Difference Time- Domain(FDTD)(1)solution ofthevector Maxwell equations coupled viamacroscopic polarisation tothetime-evolution equa- tions ofadiscrete N-level quantum system (2-4) interms ofthe real pseudospin (coherence) vector (5). Ittakes properly into account thevector nature oftheelectromagnetic field andhence thepolarisation state oftheoptical excitation.
A new model for rigorous theoretical description of circularly (elliptically) polarized ultrashort optical pulse interactions with singly charged quantum dots embedded in semiconductor optical waveguides and microcavities is proposed. The method is based on self-consistent solution in the time domain of the vector Maxwell equations coupled via microscopic polarization to the coherent time-evolution equations of a discrete N-level quantum system in terms of the real pseudospin (coherence) vector. The model is applied to a 4-level system describing the optical dipole transitions of the trion state in a singly charged quantum dot. Selective optical excitation of specific spin states by predefined helicity of the optical field and an onset of self-induced transparency and polarized soliton formation in the nonlinear regime are numerically demonstrated
Abstract A new model for rigorous theoretical description of circularly (elliptically) polarised ultrashort optical pulse interactions with the resonant nonlinearities in semiconductor optical waveguides is proposed. The method is based on self‐consistent solution in the time domain of the vector Maxwell equations coupled via microscopic polarisation to the coherent time‐evolution equations of a discrete N‐level quantum system in terms of the real pseudospin (coherence) vector. The model is initially applied to a generic two‐level quantum system and subsequently to a 4‐level system describing the heavy‐hole excitonic transitions in low‐dimensional semiconductor systems, such as quantum wells and quantum dots. Selective optical excitation of specific spin states by predefined helicity of the optical field in the linear regime and an onset of self‐induced transparency and polarised soliton formation in the nonlinear regime are numerically demonstrated in both discrete‐level systems. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
We propose and develop a method for theoretical description of circularly (elliptically) polarized optical pulse resonant coherent interactions with two-level atoms. The method is based on the time-evolution equations of a two-level quantum system in the presence of a time-dependent dipole perturbation for electric dipole transitions between states with total angular-momentum projection difference $(\ensuremath{\Delta}{J}_{z}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)$ excited by a circularly polarized electromagnetic field [Feynman et al., J. Appl. Phys. 28, 49 (1957)]. The adopted real-vector representation approach allows for coupling with the vectorial Maxwell's equations for the optical wave propagation and thus the resulting Maxwell pseudospin equations can be numerically solved in the time domain without any approximations. The model permits a more exact study of the ultrafast coherent pulse propagation effects taking into account the vector nature of the electromagnetic field and hence the polarization state of the optical excitation. We demonstrate self-induced transparency effects and formation of polarized solitons. The model represents a qualitative extension of the well-known optical Maxwell-Bloch equations valid for linearly polarized light and a tool for studying coherent quantum control mechanisms.
The optically-induced coherent spin dynamics in a charged quantum dot (QD) is studied theoretically using a new dynamical model for rigorous description of circularly polarized ultrashort optical pulse resonant interactions with the electron-trion system. Generalized pseudospin master equation is derived for description of the time evolution of spin coherences and spin populations in terms of the real state pseudospin (coherence) vector including dissipation in the system through spin relaxation processes. The equation is solved in the time domain self-consistently with the vector Maxwell equations for the optical wave propagation coupled to it via macroscopic medium polarization. Using the model the long-lived electron spin coherence left behind a single resonant ultrashort optical excitation of the electron-trion transition in a charged QD is simulated in the lowand high-intensity Rabi oscillations regime. Signatures of the polarized photoluminescence (PL) resulting from the numerical simulations, such as the appearance of a second echo pulse after the excitation and a characteristic PL trace shape, specific for initial spin-up orientation, are discussed for realization of high-fidelity schemes for coherent readout of a single spin polarization state.
We develop and apply a new dynamical model for rigorous description of circularly (elliptically) polarized ultrashort optical pulse interactions with the resonant nonlinearities in semiconductor optical waveguides. The method is based on self‐consistent solution in the time domain of the vector Maxwell equations for electromagnetic wave propagation coupled via macroscopic polarization to the coherent time‐evolution equations of a discrete N‐level system in terms of the real pseudospin (coherence) vector. We investigate theoretically the optically‐induced ultrafast resonant coherent spin dynamics in a singly charged semiconductor quantum dot. Onset of Rabi oscillations at sufficiently high excitation intensities is demonstrated numerically resulting in suppression of the spin relaxation and a longer decay time of the polarized photoluminescence.
We develop and apply a new dynamical model for rigorous description of circularly (elliptically) polarized ultrashort optical pulse interactions with the resonant nonlinearities in semiconductor optical waveguides. The method is based on self‐consistent solution in the time domain of the vector Maxwell equations for electromagnetic wave propagation coupled via macroscopic polarization to the coherent time‐evolution equations of a discrete N‐level system in terms of the real pseudospin (coherence) vector. We investigate theoretically the optically‐induced ultrafast resonant coherent spin dynamics in a singly charged semiconductor quantum dot. Onset of Rabi oscillations at sufficiently high excitation intensities is demonstrated numerically resulting in suppression of the spin relaxation and a longer decay time of the polarized photoluminescence.