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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Coherent optical manipulation of a single spin state in a charged quantum dot: theory and modelling

Gabriela M. Slavcheva

Published Sep 26, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The optically-induced coherent spin dynamics in a charged quantum dot (QD) is studied theoretically using a new dynamical model for rigorous description of circularly polarized ultrashort optical pulse resonant interactions with the electron-trion system. Generalized pseudospin master equation is derived for description of the time evolution of spin coherences and spin populations in terms of the real state pseudospin (coherence) vector including dissipation in the system through spin relaxation processes. The equation is solved in the time domain self-consistently with the vector Maxwell equations for the optical wave propagation coupled to it via macroscopic medium polarization. Using the model the long-lived electron spin coherence left behind a single resonant ultrashort optical excitation of the electron-trion transition in a charged QD is simulated in the lowand high-intensity Rabi oscillations regime. Signatures of the polarized photoluminescence (PL) resulting from the numerical simulations, such as the appearance of a second echo pulse after the excitation and a characteristic PL trace shape, specific for initial spin-up orientation, are discussed for realization of high-fidelity schemes for coherent readout of a single spin polarization state.

DOI
10.1117/12.735555

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•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations
The optically-induced coherent spin dynamics in a charged quantum dot (QD) is studied theoretically using a new dynamical model for rigorous description of circularly polarized ultrashort optical pulse resonant interactions with the electron-trion system. Generalized pseudospin master equation is derived for description of the time evolution of spin coherences and spin populations in terms of the real state pseudospin (coherence) vector including dissipation in the system through spin relaxation processes. The equation is solved in the time domain self-consistently with the vector Maxwell equations for the optical wave propagation coupled to it via macroscopic medium polarization. Using the model the long-lived electron spin coherence left behind a single resonant ultrashort optical excitation of the electron-trion transition in a charged QD is simulated in the lowand high-intensity Rabi oscillations regime. Signatures of the polarized photoluminescence (PL) resulting from the numerical simulations, such as the appearance of a second echo pulse after the excitation and a characteristic PL trace shape, specific for initial spin-up orientation, are discussed for realization of high-fidelity schemes for coherent readout of a single spin polarization state.
Abstract The optically‐induced coherent spin dynamics of a single spin confined in a charged quantum dot (QD) is theoretically studied employing coupled vector Maxwell‐pseudospin formalism. Generalized pseudospin master equation is derived for description of the time evolution of spin coherences and spin populations including spin population transfer and dissipation in the system through spin relaxation processes. The equation is solved in the time domain self‐consistently with the vector Maxwell equations for the optical wave propagation coupled to it via macroscopic medium polarisation. Using the model the long‐lived electron spin coherence left behind a single resonant ultrashort optical excitation of the electron‐trion transition in a charged QD is simulated in the low‐ and high‐intensity Rabi oscillations regime. Signatures of the polarised photoluminescence (PL), predicted by the model, such as the appearance of a second echo pulse after the excitation and characteristic PL trace shape, are discussed for realization of high‐fidelity schemes for coherent readout of a single spin polarisation state. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
We extend [1] our new dynamical model [2,3] for resonant coherent circularly polarized optical pulse interactions with charged semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) to include dissipation in the system through the spin relaxation dynamics. A generalized pseudospin master equation is derived for description of the optically-induced time evolution of spin coherences and spin populations in terms of the real state pseudospin (coherence) vector. The equation is solved self-consistently with the vector Maxwell equations for the optical wave propagation coupled via macroscopic medium polarization. Using the model we demonstrate numerically coherent readout of a single spin polarization state exploiting the high-intensity Rabi oscillations regime. We show that coherent spin-polarization control can be achieved by varying the excitation intensity through the pulse area which allows for differentiation between the time traces of the polarized photoluminescence, thus enabling high-fidelity schemes for single spin detection. Longest-lived spin coherence is achieved for odd multiples of π-excitations.
A new model for rigorous theoretical description of circularly (elliptically) polarized ultrashort optical pulse interactions with singly charged quantum dots embedded in semiconductor optical waveguides and microcavities is proposed. The method is based on self-consistent solution in the time domain of the vector Maxwell equations coupled via microscopic polarization to the coherent time-evolution equations of a discrete N-level quantum system in terms of the real pseudospin (coherence) vector. The model is applied to a 4-level system describing the optical dipole transitions of the trion state in a singly charged quantum dot. Selective optical excitation of specific spin states by predefined helicity of the optical field and an onset of self-induced transparency and polarized soliton formation in the nonlinear regime are numerically demonstrated
We develop and apply a new dynamical model for rigorous description of circularly (elliptically) polarized ultrashort optical pulse interactions with the resonant nonlinearities in semiconductor optical waveguides. The method is based on self‐consistent solution in the time domain of the vector Maxwell equations for electromagnetic wave propagation coupled via macroscopic polarization to the coherent time‐evolution equations of a discrete N‐level system in terms of the real pseudospin (coherence) vector. We investigate theoretically the optically‐induced ultrafast resonant coherent spin dynamics in a singly charged semiconductor quantum dot. Onset of Rabi oscillations at sufficiently high excitation intensities is demonstrated numerically resulting in suppression of the spin relaxation and a longer decay time of the polarized photoluminescence.
We develop and apply a new dynamical model for rigorous description of circularly (elliptically) polarized ultrashort optical pulse interactions with the resonant nonlinearities in semiconductor optical waveguides. The method is based on self‐consistent solution in the time domain of the vector Maxwell equations for electromagnetic wave propagation coupled via macroscopic polarization to the coherent time‐evolution equations of a discrete N‐level system in terms of the real pseudospin (coherence) vector. We investigate theoretically the optically‐induced ultrafast resonant coherent spin dynamics in a singly charged semiconductor quantum dot. Onset of Rabi oscillations at sufficiently high excitation intensities is demonstrated numerically resulting in suppression of the spin relaxation and a longer decay time of the polarized photoluminescence.
In this work, we study the resonant nonlinear optical response obtained when optical fields are used to excite charged semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The basic physics of charged excitons (trions) created by optical excitation of charged QDs is of interest from the point of view of optically driven spin based quantum computing (QC). Stimulated Raman excitation, resonantly enhanced by the optical dipole coupling to the trion state, was used to optically generate electron spin coherence in the ground state of charged QDs. The evolution of the spin coherence was monitored through quantum beats in the phase-sensitively detected four wave mixing signal. The decay of the beats is a measure of the spin coherence time, which was found to be at least an order of magnitude greater than either the trion dipole coherence, or the Raman coherence time between excitons in a single neutral QD. A fascinating outcome of the experiment was the first observation of a contribution to the spin coherence induced by the vacuum field, which is also responsible for spontaneous emission from the trion state, known as spontaneously generated coherence (SGC). QC demands that coherent optical manipulations should be performed within the spin coherence time. We performed coherent optical control experiments, with a pair of phase-locked pump pulses, that showed the quantum nature of the coherence through interference of different quantum mechanical pathways. We showed both in experiment and theory that we can manipulate the spin coherence on the time scale of the Larmor frequency, as well as on an ultrafast femtosecond time scale, corresponding to the optical frequency of the trion state. Finally, resonant optical excitation of both the bright and nominally forbidden transitions from a single electron spin in a QD to the trion state were demonstrated. This allows for direct optical access to all the transitions required for optically driven QC with QD electron spins. We used frequency-domain nonlinear spectroscopy measurements on single QD trions to obtain the trion dipole decoherence and decay rates. Further, we demonstrated that the single electron spin coherence could be generated and detected optically, and found that the spin coherence time was significantly greater than in ensemble measurements at the same magnetic field.