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Progress on a 3 He- 129 Xe co-magnetometer MARK LIMES, DONG

Michael V. Romalis

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

employed a Ramsey scheme with Rb used for intial spin polarization and for detection of only the initial and final phases of the two noble gas species that precess “in-the-dark.” Our current scheme attempts a continuous detection of the noble gas nuclei, which we’ve shown to increase shot-to-shot SNR over the pulsed scheme. Our technique mitigates the large difference of Fermi-contact shifts on the precession frequencies of the noble gases due to polarized Rb by making the average Rb polarization zero with respect to the noble gases. This averaging is accomplished by applying Rb pulses and simultaneously pumping with += light with a fast repetition rate. The 3 He- 129 Xe co-magnetometer has many potential applications for precision measurements, including nuclear spin gyroscopes and searches for spingravity coupling.

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He 3 − Xe 129 Comagnetometery using Rb 87 Detection and Decoupling

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We describe a ^{3}He-^{129}Xe comagnetometer using ^{87}Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection. We use a train of ^{87}Rb π pulses and σ^{+}/σ^{-} optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation. We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the ^{3}He and ^{129}Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying π pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms. The plane of the π pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins. We measure the ratio of ^{3}He to ^{129}Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer. A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 h without evidence of significant drift.

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We describe a 3 He- 129 Xe comagnetometer using 87 Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection.We use a train of 87 Rb π pulses and σ þ =σ -optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation.We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the 3 He and 129 Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying π pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms.The plane of the π pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins.We measure the ratio of 3 He to 129 Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer.A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 h without evidence of significant drift.

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Continuous comagnetometry using transversely polarized Xe isotopes

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We demonstrate a transversely polarized spin-exchange pumped noble gas comagnetometer which suppresses systematic errors from longitudinal polarization. Rb atoms as well as $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ and $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ nuclei are simultaneously polarized perpendicular to a pulsed bias field. Both Xe isotopes' nuclear magnetic resonance conditions are simultaneously satisfied by frequency modulation of the pulse repetition rate. The Rb atoms detect the Xe precession. We highlight the importance of magnetometer phase shifts when performing comagnetometry. For detection of nonmagnetic spin-dependent interactions the sensing bandwidth is 1 Hz, the white-noise level is $7\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$, and the bias instability is $\ensuremath{\sim}1$ $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}$.

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Precision frequency measurements with polarized He 3 , Ne 21 , and Xe 129 atoms

T. E. Chupp, Eduardo R. Oteiza, Jonathan M. Richardson +1 more

We present the principles, applications, and performance of new techniques developed to measure the frequency spectrum of freely precessing polarized noble-gas atoms. The noble-gas polarization technique of spin exchange with laser optically pumped Rb enables us to simultaneously polarize several species ${(}^{3}$He, $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$, and $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$). With signal-to-noise ratios of ${10}^{4}$, the free precession frequencies are determined with a precision of less than ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Hz out of ${10}^{3}$ Hz in 1024 s. The technique will be applied to determine frequency shifts due to dipole couplings to applied fields and quadrupole splittings due to local Lorentz-invariance-violating spatial anisotropy. In all cases, the frequencies of two or more species are measured simultaneously in order to provide magnetometry for increased precision and to provide measurement and cancellation of systematic effects.

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Dual axis atomic magnetometer and gyroscope enabled by nuclear spin perturbation

Morgan P. Hedges, Ankit Papneja, Karun Paul +1 more

Abstract Alkali-noble-gas comagnetometers have become an essential tool for tests of fundamental physics and offer a compact platform for precision gyroscopy. They are, however, limited by technical noise at low frequencies, commonly due to their limited suppression of magnetic noise. Here we investigate a new method for co-magnetometry between a single noble gas and alkali species. While similar to well-known devices using self-compensation, our scheme introduces magnetic pulses that controllably perturb the noble gas and pulsed optical pumping to polarise the alkali atoms. These applied pulses allow our scheme to measure, rather than just suppress, the effect of magnetic noise thereby offering reduced cross-talk. We show numerically that our scheme retrieves four signals (rotations and magnetic fields on two transverse axes) with similar sensitivity to a single axis device. We also present a proof-of-principle experiment based on a 87 Rb - 129 Xe cell. Our data shows a low magnetic-rotation cross-talk of 0.2 ± 0.1 μ Hz/pT, which is already on par with the most sensitive devices relying on self-compensation.

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Nuclear Spin Gyroscope Based on an Atomic Comagnetometer

Thomas W. Kornack, Rajat K. Ghosh, Michael V. Romalis

We describe a nuclear spin gyroscope based on an alkali-metal--noble-gas comagnetometer. Optically pumped alkali-metal vapor is used to polarize the noble-gas atoms and detect their gyroscopic precession. Spin precession due to magnetic fields as well as their gradients and transients can be cancelled in this arrangement. The sensitivity is enhanced by using a high-density alkali-metal vapor in a spin-exchange relaxation free regime. With a $\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ comagnetometer we demonstrate rotation sensitivity of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{rad}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$, equivalent to a magnetic field sensitivity of $2.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fT}/{\mathrm{Hz}}^{1/2}$. The rotation signal can be increased by a factor of 10 using $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ with a smaller magnetic moment. The comagnetometer is also a promising tool in searches for anomalous spin couplings beyond the standard model.

arXiv:physics/0505089•Physical Review Letters•Nov 29, 2005•566 citations
employed a Ramsey scheme with Rb used for intial spin polarization and for detection of only the initial and final phases of the two noble gas species that precess “in-the-dark.” Our current scheme attempts a continuous detection of the noble gas nuclei, which we’ve shown to increase shot-to-shot SNR over the pulsed scheme. Our technique mitigates the large difference of Fermi-contact shifts on the precession frequencies of the noble gases due to polarized Rb by making the average Rb polarization zero with respect to the noble gases. This averaging is accomplished by applying Rb pulses and simultaneously pumping with += light with a fast repetition rate. The 3 He- 129 Xe co-magnetometer has many potential applications for precision measurements, including nuclear spin gyroscopes and searches for spingravity coupling.
We describe a ^{3}He-^{129}Xe comagnetometer using ^{87}Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection. We use a train of ^{87}Rb π pulses and σ^{+}/σ^{-} optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation. We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the ^{3}He and ^{129}Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying π pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms. The plane of the π pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins. We measure the ratio of ^{3}He to ^{129}Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer. A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 h without evidence of significant drift.
We describe a 3 He- 129 Xe comagnetometer using 87 Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection.We use a train of 87 Rb π pulses and σ þ =σ -optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation.We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the 3 He and 129 Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying π pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms.The plane of the π pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins.We measure the ratio of 3 He to 129 Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer.A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 h without evidence of significant drift.
We demonstrate a transversely polarized spin-exchange pumped noble gas comagnetometer which suppresses systematic errors from longitudinal polarization. Rb atoms as well as 131Xe^{131}\mathrm{Xe}131Xe and 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe nuclei are simultaneously polarized perpendicular to a pulsed bias field. Both Xe isotopes' nuclear magnetic resonance conditions are simultaneously satisfied by frequency modulation of the pulse repetition rate. The Rb atoms detect the Xe precession. We highlight the importance of magnetometer phase shifts when performing comagnetometry. For detection of nonmagnetic spin-dependent interactions the sensing bandwidth is 1 Hz, the white-noise level is $7\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$, and the bias instability is $\ensuremath{\sim}1$ $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}$.
We present the principles, applications, and performance of new techniques developed to measure the frequency spectrum of freely precessing polarized noble-gas atoms. The noble-gas polarization technique of spin exchange with laser optically pumped Rb enables us to simultaneously polarize several species (3{(}^{3}(3He, 21Ne^{21}\mathrm{Ne}21Ne, and 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe). With signal-to-noise ratios of 104{10}^{4}104, the free precession frequencies are determined with a precision of less than ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Hz out of 103{10}^{3}103 Hz in 1024 s. The technique will be applied to determine frequency shifts due to dipole couplings to applied fields and quadrupole splittings due to local Lorentz-invariance-violating spatial anisotropy. In all cases, the frequencies of two or more species are measured simultaneously in order to provide magnetometry for increased precision and to provide measurement and cancellation of systematic effects.
Abstract Alkali-noble-gas comagnetometers have become an essential tool for tests of fundamental physics and offer a compact platform for precision gyroscopy. They are, however, limited by technical noise at low frequencies, commonly due to their limited suppression of magnetic noise. Here we investigate a new method for co-magnetometry between a single noble gas and alkali species. While similar to well-known devices using self-compensation, our scheme introduces magnetic pulses that controllably perturb the noble gas and pulsed optical pumping to polarise the alkali atoms. These applied pulses allow our scheme to measure, rather than just suppress, the effect of magnetic noise thereby offering reduced cross-talk. We show numerically that our scheme retrieves four signals (rotations and magnetic fields on two transverse axes) with similar sensitivity to a single axis device. We also present a proof-of-principle experiment based on a 87 Rb - 129 Xe cell. Our data shows a low magnetic-rotation cross-talk of 0.2 ± 0.1 μ Hz/pT, which is already on par with the most sensitive devices relying on self-compensation.
We describe a nuclear spin gyroscope based on an alkali-metal--noble-gas comagnetometer. Optically pumped alkali-metal vapor is used to polarize the noble-gas atoms and detect their gyroscopic precession. Spin precession due to magnetic fields as well as their gradients and transients can be cancelled in this arrangement. The sensitivity is enhanced by using a high-density alkali-metal vapor in a spin-exchange relaxation free regime. With a $\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ comagnetometer we demonstrate rotation sensitivity of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{rad}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$, equivalent to a magnetic field sensitivity of 2.5  fT/Hz1/22.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fT}/{\mathrm{Hz}}^{1/2}2.5  fT/Hz1/2. The rotation signal can be increased by a factor of 10 using 21Ne^{21}\mathrm{Ne}21Ne with a smaller magnetic moment. The comagnetometer is also a promising tool in searches for anomalous spin couplings beyond the standard model.