Ericsson, M., 2002. Geometric and Topological Phases with Applications to Quantum Com- putation. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 744. 53 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5391-0. Quantum phenomena related to geometric and topological phases are investigated. The first results presented are theoretical extensions of these phases and related effects. Also experimen- tal proposals to measure some of the described effects are outlined. Thereafter, applications of geometric and topological phases in quantum computation are discussed. The notion of geometric phases is extended to cover mixed states undergoing unitary evo- lutions in interferometry. A comparison with a previously proposed definition of a mixed state geometric phase is made. In addition, an experimental test distinguishing these two phase con- cepts is proposed. Furthermore, an interferometry based geometric phase is introduced for systems undergoing evolutions described by completely positive maps. The dynamics of an Aharonov-Bohm system is investigated within the adiabatic approxima- tion. It is shown that the time-reversal symmetry for a semi-fluxon, a particle with an associated magneticflux which carries half a flux unit, is unexpectedly broken due to the Aharonov-Casher modification in the adiabatic approximation. The Aharonov-Casher Hamiltonian is used to determine the energy quantisation of neutral magnetic dipoles in electric fields. It is shown that for specific electric field configurations, one may acquire energy quantisation similar to the Landau effect for a charged particle in a homogeneous magnetic field. We furthermore show how the geometric phase can be used to implement fault tolerant quantum computations. Such computations are robust to area preserving perturbations from the environment. Topological fault-tolerant quantum computations based on the Aharonov-Casher set up are also investigated.
Ericsson, M., 2002. Geometric and Topological Phases with Applications to Quantum Com- putation. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 744. 53 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5391-0. Quantum phenomena related to geometric and topological phases are investigated. The first results presented are theoretical extensions of these phases and related effects. Also experimen- tal proposals to measure some of the described effects are outlined. Thereafter, applications of geometric and topological phases in quantum computation are discussed. The notion of geometric phases is extended to cover mixed states undergoing unitary evo- lutions in interferometry. A comparison with a previously proposed definition of a mixed state geometric phase is made. In addition, an experimental test distinguishing these two phase con- cepts is proposed. Furthermore, an interferometry based geometric phase is introduced for systems undergoing evolutions described by completely positive maps. The dynamics of an Aharonov-Bohm system is investigated within the adiabatic approxima- tion. It is shown that the time-reversal symmetry for a semi-fluxon, a particle with an associated magneticflux which carries half a flux unit, is unexpectedly broken due to the Aharonov-Casher modification in the adiabatic approximation. The Aharonov-Casher Hamiltonian is used to determine the energy quantisation of neutral magnetic dipoles in electric fields. It is shown that for specific electric field configurations, one may acquire energy quantisation similar to the Landau effect for a charged particle in a homogeneous magnetic field. We furthermore show how the geometric phase can be used to implement fault tolerant quantum computations. Such computations are robust to area preserving perturbations from the environment. Topological fault-tolerant quantum computations based on the Aharonov-Casher set up are also investigated.
Quantum phenomena related to geometric and topological phases are investigated. The first results presented are theoretical extensions of these phases and related effects. Also experimental proposals to measure some of the described effects are outlined. Thereafter, applications of geometric and topological phases in quantum computation are discussed. The notion of geometric phases is extended to cover mixed states undergoing unitary evolutions in interferometry. A comparison with a previously proposed definition of a mixed state geometric phase is made. In addition, an experimental test distinguishing these two phase concepts is proposed. Furthermore, an interferometry based geometric phase is introduced for systems undergoing evolutions described by completely positive maps. The dynamics of an Aharonov-Bohm system is investigated within the adiabatic approximation. It is shown that the time-reversal symmetry for a semi-fluxon, a particle with an associated magnetic flux which carries half a flux unit, is unexpectedly broken due to the Aharonov-Casher modification in the adiabatic approximation. The Aharonov-Casher Hamiltonian is used to determine the energy quantisation of neutral magnetic dipoles in electric fields. It is shown that for specific electric field configurations, one may acquire energy quantisation similar to the Landau effect for a charged particle in a homogeneous magnetic field. We furthermore show how the geometric phase can be used to implement fault tolerant quantum computations. Such computations are robust to area preserving perturbations from the environment. Topological fault-tolerant quantum computations based on the Aharonov-Casher set up are also investigated.
In this work, we study the geometric phase and the dynamics of electric and magnetic dipoles. We present your origins, some relevant works in this area as well as your results. The appearance of a geometric phase is explained when a study of quantum dynamics of the particle is made, during a complete cycle and that is subject to cyclic adiabatic processes. The present study begins with an introduction about the geometric phase, where we present examples used to illustrate it. Next, the adiabatic theorem was presented in both classical and quantum systems and a discourse on adiabatic invariants. After this, we present its final mathematical formulation and also its obtaining for a spin 1/2 particle. Soon after, we obtained the Lagrangian and its Hamiltonian, we find the quantum phase that the particle acquired in the efect Aharonov- Bohm and Aharonov - Casher. We have also seen the quantum dynamics of both electric and magnetic dipoles, where we start from the Lagrangian and study its field configurations, we reach the Ananda phase, where in the next step we obtain phases for some of the Field configurations in the Ananda phase from phase of Aharonov - Casher where we made the electric dipole moment equal to zero, as well as the He - Mckellar - Welkens phase with magnetic dipole moment equal to zero, and the Casella efect thus obtaining a particle case of the Ananda phase.
On the basis of the principle that topological quantum phases arise from the scattering around space-time defects in higher dimensional unification, a geometric model is presented that associates with each quantum phase an element of a transformation group. 1 Introduction Within a physical theory there are often effects or phenomena studied in idealized form in order to gain insight into the peculiarities of the theory. In Quantum Mechanics one such effect is the appearance of topological quantum phases in the wave functions of particles moving freely in multiply connected space-times the prototype of this effect being the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect [1], the appearance of a phase factor in the wave function of an electron which moves around a magnetic flux line. A similar effect is the Aharonov-Casher (AC) effect [2] which is obtained from the AB effect by replacing the flux line and the electron by a charged line and a neutral particle with magnetic moment, respectively. There have al...
We establish systematic consolidation of the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) and Aharonov–Casher effects including their scalar counterparts. Their formal correspondences in acquiring topological phases are revealed on the basis of the gauge symmetry in non-simply-connected spaces and the adiabatic condition for the state of magnetic dipoles. In addition, investigation of basic two-body interactions between an electric charge and a magnetic dipole clarifies their appropriate relative motions and discloses physical interrelations between the effects. Based on the two-body interaction, we also construct an exact microscopic description of the AB effect, where all the elements are treated on equal footing, i.e., magnetic dipoles are described quantum-mechanically and electromagnetic fields are quantized. This microscopic analysis not only confirms the conventional (semiclassical) results and the topological nature but also allows one to explore the fluctuation effects due to the precession of the magnetic dipoles with the adiabatic condition relaxed.
Quantum eigenstates undergoing cyclic changes acquire a phase factor of geometric origin. This phase, known as the Berry phase, or the geometric phase, has found applications in a wide range of disciplines throughout physics, including atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, optics, and classical dynamics. In this article, the basic theory of the geometric phase is presented along with a number of representative applications. The article begins with an account of the geometric phase for cyclic adiabatic evolutions. An elementary derivation is given along with a worked example for two-state systems. The implications of time-reversal are explained, as is the fundamental connection between the geometric phase and energy level degeneracies. We also discuss methods of experimental observation. A brief account is given of geometric magnetism; this is a Lorenz-like force of geometric origin which appears in the dynamics of slow systems coupled to fast ones. A number of theoretical developments of the geometric phase are presented. These include an informal discussion of fibre bundles, and generalizations of the geometric phase to degenerate eigenstates (the nonabelian case) and to nonadiabatic evolution. There follows an account of applications. Manifestations in classical physics include the Hannay angle and kinematic geometric phases. Applications in optics concern polarization dynamics, including the theory and observation of Pancharatnam's phase. Applications in molecular physics include the molecular Aharonov-Bohm effect and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. In condensed matter physics, we discuss the role of the geometric phase in the theory of the quantum Hall effect.
In this work, we make a review of the literature that the so-called Berry’s geometric phase. A recent issue, which has been employed in various areas of physics. For this, we use, in a number of references, in which many were critical to the theoretical foundation of this work. At first, we focus on the study of the time evolution of quantum systems governed by Hamiltonians operators whose time dependence is manifested by a set of parameters called classical fields. The adiabatic approximation, is justified mathematically when demonstrated the adiabatic theorem. Under these conditions, we obtain geometric phases - Berry’s phase - associated with these systems in different representations, each displaying its particularity. Finally, as a particular case of geometric phase, we studi from the viewpoint of duality transformations of Maxwell’s equations, the dual Aharonov-Bohm effect, extracting the geometric Berry’s phase associated with the dynamics of the magnetic monopole in the presence of the electric vector potential