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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Ten-volt Josephson junction array

Y. Murayama, Yasuhiro Sakamoto, Akio Iwasa, Masakazu Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Yoshida, U. Klein, T. Endo

Published Apr 1, 1995• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An array of 20144 Josephson junctions divided into four strip line branches has been developed and tested. The array generates quantized voltages up to about 14 V under millimeter-wave irradiation of 90 mW at 92.5 GHz, and will be used in a 10-V voltage standard.>
DOI
10.1109/19.377815

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A new 10-V array of Josephson junctions based on low-frequency designs scaled up to 94 GHz

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A novel approach is described for the design of improved coupling of millimeter-waves in a 10-V array of Josephson junctions. In this approach, microwave structures were fabricated and tested in the range 2.8 GHz to 3.6 GHz, and a scaling calculation was then used to transform them to 94 GHz. By optimizing the trade-off between antenna size and efficiency, it was possible to make more space available on the device chip to increase the number of Josephson junctions. Simulation results showed that the optimal antenna is a short double-fin-line type. This antenna type allowed us to fabricate a Josephson junction array that had 25944 Nb/Al-AlO/sub x//Nb junctions. For this new array, zero-crossing steps were observed up to 18.5 V. The new array was then successfully used to calibrate a Zener voltage standard that had a 10-V output.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement•Jan 1, 1997•4 citations
Programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) circuits were developed that operate at 16 GHz to 20 GHz with operating margins larger than 1 mA. Two circuit designs were demonstrated, each having a total of ~ 300,000 junctions, which were divided into either 16 or 32 sub-arrays. Triple-stacked junctions were used in order to fit the ~300,000 junctions on each circuit. The amorphous NbxSi1-x-barrier junction technology provided a high degree of uniformity of the barrier and junction electrical properties, which was necessary to achieve the 1 mA operating margin. Although the margins on both the 16-array and 32-array circuits were much greater than 1 mA, the circuit yield for the 16-array design was lower because the longer arrays are more sensitive to defects. The use of lumped-element microwave splitters and tapered arrays significantly reduced the microwave input power and increased the operating margins of these designs. In addition, the broadband microwave response of the designs allowed the PJVS output voltage to be continuously adjusted by using the microwave frequency while remaining on margins.
A novel approach is described for the design of improved coupling of millimeter-waves in a 10-V array of Josephson junctions. In this approach, microwave structures were fabricated and tested in the range 2.8 GHz to 3.6 GHz, and a scaling calculation was then used to transform them to 94 GHz. By optimizing the trade-off between antenna size and efficiency, it was possible to make more space available on the device chip to increase the number of Josephson junctions. Simulation results showed that the optimal antenna is a short double-fin-line type. This antenna type allowed us to fabricate a Josephson junction array that had 25944 Nb/Al-AlO/sub x//Nb junctions. For this new array, zero-crossing steps were observed up to 18.5 V. The new array was then successfully used to calibrate a Zener voltage standard that had a 10-V output.