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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

High-resolution 133Cs 6S-6D, 6S-8S two-photon spectroscopy using an intra-cavity scheme

You-Huan Chen, Tze-Wei Liu, Chien‐Ming Wu, Ray‐Kuang Lee, Wang-Yau Cheng

Published Jan 1, 2011• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate an intra-cavity scheme for diode laser based on two-photon spectroscopy. Three 133Cs hyperfine transition groups of different wavelengths are shown. For the 6S-6D transitions, we achieved 102 times better signal-to-noise ratio than previous work1 with 10-3 times less laser power, revealing some previously vague and unobserved spectra.

DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2011.jthb122

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We demonstrate an intra-cavity scheme for diode laser based on two-photon spectroscopy. Three 133Cs hyperfine transition groups of different wavelengths are shown. For the 6S-6D transitions, we achieved 102 times better signal-to-noise ratio than previous work1 with 10-3 times less laser power, revealing some previously vague and unobserved spectra.
This Letter presents an intracavity scheme for diode laser based two-photon spectroscopy. To demonstrate generality, three (133)Cs hyperfine transition groups of different wavelengths are shown. For the 6S-6D transitions, we achieved a 10(2) times better signal-to-noise ratio than in previous work [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74, 2487 (2005)] with 10(-3) times less laser power, revealing some previously vague and unobserved spectra. Possible mutual influences between the two-photon absorber and laser cavity were investigated for the first time to our knowledge, which leads to the application of a reliable hand-sized optical frequency reference. Our approach is applicable for most of the two-photon spectroscopy of alkali atoms.
The 5S1/2 --> 7S1/2 two-photon transition of atomic rubidium, which is 100 times weaker than the 5S-5D transition, is observed with an extended-cavity diode laser and a vapor cell. Signals with a signal-to-noise ratio of 280 are obtained with a laser power of 10 mW, and the observed linewidth is 3 MHz. The laser wavelength is 760 nm and is locked on the transitions to a stability of 2 x 10(-11). For the first time to our knowledge, the isotope shift of this transition is measured to be 130(4) MHz in atomic frequency.
A phenomenon observed in a simple experiment with a diode laser is found to be a basis for powerful spectroscopy. In this spectroscopy, the laser frequency is neither scanned nor modulated. High-resolution spectra in a wide ratio-frequency range, such as Zeeman and hyperfine spectra in both of the ground and the excited states, are observed simultaneously by frequency analyzing the intensity fluctuation of the light transmitted through a sample cell. Demonstrating experiments are carried out with respect to the D1{\mathit{D}}_{1}D1​ and D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ lines of Cs and Rb atoms.
The usefulness of stimulated Raman transitions has been demonstrated in a variety of different applications. These two-photon transitions have the capability of very high resolution because the transition linewidths depend on the relative jitter between two frequencies, rather than absolute jitter on either one. Recent demonstrations include laser cooling and atomic interferometry [1]. They may also be needed for improved atomic clocks [2]. Due to this high resolution, stimulated Raman transitions can be a direct replacement for a microwave cavity and are often more compatible with optical experiments because a laser beam requires less space.
We report on spectroscopic measurements of the Rb 5 D 5/2 state performed using two-photon excitation with a resonant intermediate state. With the two beams (5 S 1/2 → 5 P 3/2 at 780 nm and 5 P 3/2 → 5 D 5/2 at 776 nm) counterpropagating, the spectra are Doppler-free and the signals are very robust, even in a room temperature vapor. This is due to the near match of the transition wavelengths. The 5 D 5/2 hyperfine constants have been measured and compared to previous determinations. We have also performed the excitation in a sample of laser-cooled atoms and compare these results to those obtained at room temperature. The fact that the 5 P 3/2 → 5 D 5/2 transition is narrow, robust, diode-laser accessible, and relatively immune to AC-Stark shifts, may make it a promising candidate for a frequency reference at 776 nm.