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Physical Review A

Pulse shaping during cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion

А. А. Калачев

Published Apr 12, 2010• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Pulse shaping in a narrowband single-photon source based on cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion is analyzed. The scheme for pulse shaping is developed such that the wave form (both amplitude and phase) of heralded photons can be fully controlled by that of the pump pulse. It is shown that the developed scheme allows one to avoid additional losses introduced by amplitude modulators, thereby achieving the highest possible heralding efficiency.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.043809

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Pulse shaping in a narrowband single-photon source based on cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion is analyzed. The scheme for pulse shaping is developed such that the wave form (both amplitude and phase) of heralded photons can be fully controlled by that of the pump pulse. It is shown that the developed scheme allows one to avoid additional losses introduced by amplitude modulators, thereby achieving the highest possible heralding efficiency.
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Single-photon sources are necessary components for many prospective quantum technologies. One candidate for a single-photon source is spontaneous parametric down-conversion combined with a heralding photon detection. The heralded light pulse from such a source is typically treated as single mode; this treatment, however, is incomplete. We develop a full multimode description based on the exact Bogoliubov treatment of the down-conversion process. We then provide a perturbative and effective treatment, which illustrates the most important physical mechanisms and permits analytical estimates of the success probability and purity of single-photon states under practical heralding conditions, both without relying on the precise detection time of the heralding photon and when accepting photons only in a narrow window around the time of the detection. This permits us to characterize the emitted light under three different assumptions for the pump pulse. For spontaneous parametric down-conversion with a very short pump pulse, we find the single-mode description to be accurate, while for longer pump pulses and continuous pumping, a multimode description is necessary. Our findings can be used to guide the design of quantum information protocols based on heralded single-photon sources, as their performance may depend on the multimode nature of the sources.
The cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion far below threshold can be used to generate a narrow-band photon pair efficiently. Previous experiments on the cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion almost always utilize continuous wave pump light, but the pulse pumped case is rarely reported. One disadvantage of the continuous wave case is that the photon pair is produced randomly within the coherence time of the pump, which limits its application in the quantum information realm. However, a pulse pump can help to solve this problem. In this paper, we theoretically analyze pulse pumped cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion in detail and show how the pump pulse affects the multi-photon interference visibility, two-photon waveform, joint spectrum and spectral brightness.