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Physica Scripta

Ion traps: some semiclassical observations

Bogdan Mielnik, A Ramírez

Published Oct 12, 2010• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The unitary evolution operators generated by periodically varying elastic potentials including the Mathieu case are studied. The evolution operations in the stability areas of the Strutt diagram admit effective (Floquet) Hamiltonians generalizing the orthodox oscillators. The points on the separatrices represent two exceptional types of unitary operations, imitating (in a soft way) the results of the sudden δ-like kicks of the elastic potential, or the distorted free evolution (in accelerated, slowed down or even negative time). In all domains the dynamical phenomena illustrate a non-trivial relation between the micro- and macroscopic motion scales.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/82/05/055002

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The unitary evolution operators generated by periodically varying elastic potentials including the Mathieu case are studied. The evolution operations in the stability areas of the Strutt diagram admit effective (Floquet) Hamiltonians generalizing the orthodox oscillators. The points on the separatrices represent two exceptional types of unitary operations, imitating (in a soft way) the results of the sudden δ-like kicks of the elastic potential, or the distorted free evolution (in accelerated, slowed down or even negative time). In all domains the dynamical phenomena illustrate a non-trivial relation between the micro- and macroscopic motion scales.
A unified treatment of quantum mechanical oscillatory motion in one dimension is presented in a phase space formalism which is especially adapted to the semiclassical energy domain and closely related to a `naive' quantization of action and angle variables. Characteristics of this scheme are non-classical symmetry properties of the phase space functions representing density operators and observables and the inclusion of half-Bohr orbits besides the familiar Bohr orbits. Over long time intervals the quantum evolution can be well approximated by a Hamiltonian flow along these distinguished classical orbits. The interplay of this reduced classical evolution and the symmetry properties of the phase space functions results in a consistent quantitative description of quantum interference effects which are most clearly seen in the revivals of wavepackets.
The quantum motion of a charged particle in a quadrupole radio-frequency trap is solved exactly in terms of the classical trajectories. Thus the quantum stability regions are exactly given in terms of the stability regions for the associated Mathieu equations, and quantum trapping is demonstrated inside these stability area. These exact results enable us to test a commonly believed «static effective potential approximation» for a particle in a rapidly oscillating time-periodic potential: our results exhibit serious limitations to this approximation. As a subproduct of our approach, we solve the eigenvalue problem for the Floquet operator of our system. This exactly solvable system should be a good starting point for the study of quantum instabilities under small perturbations Le mouvement quantique d'une particule chargee dans un piege quadripolaire de radio-frequence est exactement resoluble en termes des solutions du mouvement classique. Il en resulte que les regions de stabilite quantique sont exactement les regions de stabilite pour les equations de Mathieu correspondantes, et on demontre le piegeage quantique a l'interieur de ces regions. Ces resultats exacts permettent de tester «l'approximation de potentiel effectif statique» communement admise pour une particule dans un potentiel periodique dans le temps rapidement oscillant, et mettent en evidence de serieuses limitations a cette approximation. Comme sous produit a cette approche, on resout l'equation aux valeurs propres pour l'operateur de Floquet de ce systeme. Ce probleme exactement resoluble devrait etre un bon point de depart pour l'etude de la stabilite quantique sous de petites perturbations
"We investigate quantum dynamics for an ion confined within an oscillating quadrupole field, starting from two well known and elegant approaches. It is established that the Hamilton equations of motion, in both Schrodinger and Heisenberg representations, are equivalent to the Hill equation. One searches for a linear independent solution associated to a harmonic oscillator (HO). An adiabatic invariant, which is also a constant of motion, is introduced based on the Heisenberg representation. Thus, the state of the non-autonomous system can be determined at any subsequent moment of time. The quantum states for trapped ions are demonstrated to be Fock (number) states, while the exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation for a trapped ion are exactly the quasienergy states. Semiclassical dynamics is also investigated for many-body systems of trapped ions, where the wavefunction associated to the Schrodinger equation is prepared as a Gauss package multiplied by a Hermite polynomial. We also discuss time evolution for the system under investigation and supply the propagator."
A class of unitary operations generated by idealized, semiclassical fields is studied. The operations implemented by sharp potential kicks are revisited and the possibility of performing them by softly varying external fields is examined. The possibility of using the ion traps as ‘operation factories’ transforming quantum states is discussed. The non-perturbative algorithms indicate that the results of abstract δ-pulses of oscillator potentials can become real. Some of them, if empirically achieved, could be essential to examine certain atypical quantum ideas. In particular, simple dynamical manipulations might contribute to the Aharonov–Bohm criticism of the time–energy uncertainty principle, while some others may verify the existence of fundamental precision limits of the position measurements or the reality of ‘non-commutative geometries’.
A class of unitary operations generated by idealized, semiclassical fields is studied. The operations implemented by sharp potential kicks are revisited and the possibility of performing them by softly varying external fields is examined. The possibility of us-ing the ion traps as ’operation factories ’ transforming quantum states is discussed. The non-perturbative algorithms indicate that the results of abstract δ-pulses of oscillator potentials can become real. Some of them, if empirically achieved, could be essential to examine certain atypical quantum ideas. In particular, simple dynamical manipula-tions might contribute to the Aharonov-Bohm criticism of the time-energy uncertainty principle, some other, to verify the existence of fundamental precision limits of the position measurements or the reality of ‘non-commutative geometries’. 1