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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Dynamically correlated spontaneous-emission laser: theory and comparison with experiment

János A. Bergou, Miguel Orszag

Published Feb 1, 1988• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A higher-order correlated-emission laser (CEL) effect is found theoretically in a Doppler-broadened medium. A full quantum-mechanical account of the CEL in the nonlinear regime shows a large reduction in the beat-signal linewidth. This behavior is confirmed by a recent experiment.
DOI
10.1364/josab.5.000249

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As discussed in the last three chapters, the fundamental source of noise in a laser is spontaneous emission. A simple pictorial model for the origin of the laser linewidth envisions it as being due to the random phase diffusion process arising from the addition of spontaneously emitted photons with random phases to the laser field. In this chapter we show that the quantum noise leading to the laser linewidth can be suppressed below the standard, i.e., Schawlow–Townes limit by preparing the atomic systems in a coherent superposition of states as in the Hanle effect and quantum beat experiments discussed in Chapter 7. In such coherently prepared atoms the spontaneous emission is said to be correlated. Lasers operating via such a phase coherent atomic ensemble are known as correlated spontaneous emission lasers (CEL). An interesting aspect of the CEL is that it is possible to eliminate the spontaneous emission quantum noise in the relative linewidths by correlating the two spontaneous emission noise events. A number of schemes exist in which quantum noise quenching below the standard limit can be achieved. In two-mode schemes a correlation between the spontaneous emisson events in two different modes of the radiation field is established via atomic coherence so that the relative phase between them does not diffuse or fluctuate. In a Hanle laser and a quantum beat laser this is achieved by pumping the atoms coherently such that every spontaneously emitting atom contributes equally to the two modes of the radiation, leading to a reduction and even vanishing of the noise in the phase difference.
The idea of using correlated emission to reduce spontaneous-emission noise in an active interferometer1 has recently been successfully implemented in a He–Ne Zeeman laser,2 an advance of particular significance for the development of high-sensitivity probes of metric gravity.1 Because the sensitivity of such probes is expected to increase with increasing laser power, we have begun assessing the degree to which instability imposes limitations on the operating levels of correlated-emission-laser (CEL) devices. In particular, we have found that the model of Bergou et al.3 of a homogeneously broadened, three-level CEL exhibits transitions to chaos that are very similar to the well-known Haken–Lorenz instability, and at quantitatively similar threshold powers. A CEL model more appropriate to Ref. 2 is also considered.