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Digest - IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. International Symposium

Degrees of freedom of the field in unconditionally secure wireless communications

Marco Donald Migliore, C. D'Elia, Daniele Pinchera

Published Jul 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The fast growing of personal wireless communications, and the spreading of new services like Internet banking on mobile phones, has made the preventing unauthorized extraction of information a key problem for wireless systems. However, all the ciphering algorithms developed since now can be broken under an attack with unlimited computational resource. Consequently, the final goal of the cryptography is the developing of an unconditionally secure cryptographic system able to resist to any cryptanalytic attack, no matter how much computation power is available.

DOI
10.1109/aps.2010.5561263

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The fast growing of personal wireless communications, and the spreading of new services like Internet banking on mobile phones, has made the preventing unauthorized extraction of information a key problem for wireless systems. However, all the ciphering algorithms developed since now can be broken under an attack with unlimited computational resource. Consequently, the final goal of the cryptography is the developing of an unconditionally secure cryptographic system able to resist to any cryptanalytic attack, no matter how much computation power is available.
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Statement of the ProblemThe world has become one globalized platform with the advent of sophisticated embedded systems as it allows people to communicate in the local town to the farthest town on this earth.This includes communicating via mobile phones, Internet or sending an instruction to microwave oven, television and other wireless systems.We make assumptions that our communication remains confidential when we communicate using mobile phones or Internet.We assume that the payment gateway will be authenticated and our banking details will remain confidential, while accessing Internet banking.We assume that our instruction sent to the wireless embedded systems will be received exactly as we had sent (Integrity) i.e. the message sent by us and the message received by the embedded system will be the same.We make these assumptions as there will be certain protocols followed to maintain security standards.The security of these protocols is generally based on certain computationally 'hard' problems such as factoring a very large number.These are computationally hard problems to solve due to limited computational resources.If a quantum computer will be built, then these problems will no longer remain computationally hard.They will be solved in polynomial time complexity.Hence, our messages will remain neither confidential nor have integrity.Network communication will, no longer be able to authenticate.Similarly, electronic travel documents will not remain secured.Today, travel documents are an integral part of the daily routine.Among these travel documents, passports allow the holder's identity to be verified.This protects the nations against illegitimate immigrants, criminals and terrorists.Similar to the above mentioned scenario, advent of quantum computers will allow forfeiting of passports.It will also allow access to personal information.Hence, posing risk to millions of lives. Methods and ProceduresTo conquer these issues, we propose to conduct research on replacing the current travel document protocols by using Lattice-based cryptography.This could be replicated in all other network based embedded systems.We are motivated to use Latticebased cryptography as it is one of the important classes of the post-quantum cryptography algorithms.Lattice based algorithms are important due to significant research by scientific community, well-known underlying lattice problems and computational efficiency.
Recently there has been an increasing interest toward unconditionally secure communication systems in which the mechanism assuring the secrecy of the message is physical and not computational. An interesting approach proposed in the information theory literature for unconditionally secure communication is based on the use of artificial noise at a rate related to the difference between the mutual information in perfect secrecy. Since the mechanism assuring the secrecy of the message is physical and not computational, the unauthorized receiver cannot obtain information from the received signal, regardless of how much computational power is available. For this reason, such a cryptographic system is called unconditionally secure. The aim of this paper is to investigate an electromagnetic approach to the noise-based wireless communication systems stressing the important role of the electromagnetic propagation and antenna design. In particular, the concept of the number of degrees of freedom of the field is used to clarify the physical mechanism that allows for a decrease in the mutual information of the unauthorized channel compared to the eavesdropper channel. Numerical examples regarding both free-space propagation and rich scattering environments are shown, confirming the importance of the role of the electromagnetic propagation and antenna design.