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Frontiers in Optics

Cooling of an Atom in a Cavity to the Quantum Ground State of Axial Motion

Harry J. Kimble, A. David. Boozer, Andreea Boca, Ryan Miller, Tracy E. Northup

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Localization to the ground state of axial motion is demonstrated for a single, trapped atom strongly coupled to the field of a high-finesse optical resonator. Applications in Quantum Optics and Information Science will be discussed.
DOI
10.1364/ls.2007.lwh2

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Localization to the ground state of axial motion is demonstrated for a single, trapped atom strongly coupled to the field of a high finesse optical resonator. The axial atomic motion is cooled by way of coherent Raman transitions on the red vibrational sideband. An efficient state detection scheme enabled by strong coupling in cavity QED is used to record the Raman spectrum, from which the state of atomic motion is inferred. We find that the lowest vibrational level of the axial potential with zero-point energy variant Planck's over 2 h omega a/2kB = 13 microK is occupied with probability P0 approximately 0.95.
A single neutral atom is trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice at the center of a high-finesse optical resonator. Using fluorescence imaging and a shiftable standing-wave trap, the atom is deterministically loaded into the maximum of the intracavity field where the atom-cavity coupling is strong. After 5 ms of Raman sideband cooling, the three-dimensional motional ground state is populated with a probability of (89±2)%. Our system is the first to simultaneously achieve quantum control over all degrees of freedom of a single atom: its position and momentum, its internal state, and its coupling to light.
We report on recent progress in our lab involving cavity quantum electrodynamics with optically trapped atoms. \n \nIn particular, we will focus on a recent measurement of the Vacuum-Rabi splitting for one atom strongly coupled to the field of a high finesse optical resonator. This splitting is characteristic of the normal modes in the eigenvalue spectrum of the atom-cavity system. A new Raman scheme for cooling atomic motion along the cavity axis enables a complete spectrum to be recorded for an individual atom trapped within the cavity mode, in contrast to all previous measurements in cavity QED that have required averaging over many atoms.
By integrating the techniques of laser cooling and trapping with those of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), single cesium atoms have been trapped within the mode of a small, high finesse optical cavity in a regime of strong coupling. The observed lifetime for individual atoms trapped within the cavity mode is $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\approx}28\mathrm{ms}$, and is limited by fluctuations of light forces arising from the far-detuned intracavity field. This initial realization of trapped atoms in cavity QED should enable diverse protocols in quantum information science.
We present two schemes for driving Raman transitions between the ground-state hyperfine manifolds of a single atom trapped within a high-finesse optical cavity. In both schemes, the Raman coupling is generated by standing-wave fields inside the cavity, thus circumventing the optical access limitations that free-space Raman schemes must face in a cavity system. These cavity-based Raman schemes can be used to coherently manipulate both the internal and motional degrees of freedom of the atom, and thus provide powerful tools for studying cavity quantum electrodynamics. We give a detailed theoretical analysis of each scheme, both for a three-level atom and for a multilevel cesium atom. In addition, we show how these Raman schemes can be used to cool the axial motion of the atom to the quantum ground state, and we perform computer simulations of the cooling process.