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Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute

Modulation characteristics of resonance lines of Cs atoms in cells with antirelaxation coating

D. I. Sevostianov, Valery P. Yakovlev, A. N. Kozlov, В. В. Васильев, Sergei A. Zibrov, Vladimir L Velichansky

Published Apr 1, 2014• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Modulation characteristics of absorption at the resonance D 1 line of cesium atoms in a cell with antirelaxation coating are studied. It is experimentally shown that the minimum of the response to harmonic modulation in a certain frequency band coincides with Maxwellian velocity distribution maximum, despite the line profile distortion observed during linear frequency scanning [1]. The effect is theoretically explained.

DOI
10.3103/s1068335614040010

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Physical Review A•Oct 2, 2015•31 citations
Modulation characteristics of absorption at the resonance D 1 line of cesium atoms in a cell with antirelaxation coating are studied. It is experimentally shown that the minimum of the response to harmonic modulation in a certain frequency band coincides with Maxwellian velocity distribution maximum, despite the line profile distortion observed during linear frequency scanning [1]. The effect is theoretically explained.
Abstract Absorption features in cells with antirelaxation coating in D2 -lines of alkali metal atoms due to the competition of cyclic and open transitions lying within the Doppler contour are studied. In cells of this type ensemble of atoms is optically pumped over all velocities and the entire volume of the cell during the characteristic time T, which noticeably exceeds local pumping times related to resonant atomic velocities. If the frequency scanning T, the retardation effect results in significant distortion of the laser wave absorption contour and to emergence of the hysteresis phenomenon. The developed theory for a realistic scheme of atomic levels with one cyclic and two open transitions describes experimentally observed absorption contours, their dependence on the light power and the frequency scanning direction.
We study the peculiarities of the absorption spectra in D1,2-lines of Cs, caused by optical pumping in cells with antirelaxation coating. In these cells the internal state of the atom, which arose under optical pumping by a monochromatic laser field, is preserved with a high probability in a collision with the wall. As a result, the optical pumping action extends to the entire volume of the cell and to all the velocities of the atoms. This leads to the speed-dependent scanning distortions of the absorption line profile. The detected features should be considered when using laserpumped quantum magnetometers with antirelaxation-coated cells.
The specific features of absorption in a cell with an antirelaxation coating related to optical pumping and a finite rate of laser-frequency scanning are studied. The internal state of an atom in such cells is likely to remain unaltered after a collision with a wall. This results in optical pumping of an atomic ensemble over all velocities and the entire cell volume. Both the frequency corresponding to the maximum absorption in the D 2 line of 133 Cs and the absorption maximum itself depend on the sign of laser-frequency scanning. A theoretical model attributing the power dependence of asymmetry of the absorption contour of the 133 Cs D 2 line to the presence of cyclic transition levels in the system is presented.
Significant modification of the spectrum of the D1 line of 85Rb in optical cells with high quality antirelaxation coating on the walls is studied experimentally and theoretically analyzed. The spectral profiles of hyperfine transitions are found to be significantly dependent on the velocity and the direction of the laser frequency scanning. A physical explanation is proposed for the observed features, which is confirmed by numerical simulations. The effect of small magnetic field on hyperfine spectrum is also discussed.
We describe a theoretical model, based on a density matrix and the Liouville equation, for the investigation of magneto-optical resonances in alkali-metal atomic vapor, in particular in the case of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the presence of antirelaxation coatings. The influence of the coating is parametrized with an empirical coefficient describing its efficiency; the calculations are extended to a broad range of coating quality, contrary to previous works, and to uncoated cells. The model takes into account also different configurations for the EIT formation and different efficiency of optical pumping, as determined by the coating characteristics and the atomic energy structure. The model is validated by investigating the EIT with degenerate Zeeman levels in 39KD1^{39}\text{K} {D}_{1}39KD1​ and Cs D2{D}_{2}D2​ lines, which exhibit respectively an almost negligible and a relevant impact of hyperfine optical pumping. The results are compared to experimental data, exhibiting good agreement; in particular, for the 39KD1^{39}\text{K} {D}_{1}39KD1​ line, recent findings are shown here in the case of degenerate and nondegenerate EIT with amplitude-modulated light. Our results demonstrate an effective approach for the investigation of antirelaxation coatings and their contribution in the formation of magneto-optical resonances in alkali-metal atoms, in different regimes and with largely different efficiencies. This sheds new light on well-known but not yet entirely clarified phenomena and their behavior as a function of experimental parameters.