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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Robust Multiwavelength All-Fiber Source of Polarization-Entangled Photons With Built-In Analyzer Alignment Signal

S.X. Wang, Gregory S. Kanter

Published Jan 1, 2009• 49 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe an all-fiber source of polarization-entangled photons, which is designed to be simple to manufacture and structurally robust. The source includes an alignment signal that allows for straightforward alignment of the measurement axes of the subsequent polarization analyzers. High-quality entangled light is generated and measured at multiple wavelength channels within the C-band.

DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2009.2022278

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We describe an all-fiber source of polarization-entangled photons, which is designed to be simple to manufacture and structurally robust. The source includes an alignment signal that allows for straightforward alignment of the measurement axes of the subsequent polarization analyzers. High-quality entangled light is generated and measured at multiple wavelength channels within the C-band.
The ultimate goal of quantum information science is to build a global quantum network, which enables quantum resources to be distributed and shared between remote parties. Such a quantum network can be realized using only fiber elements, thus deriving the advantages of low transmission loss, low cost, scalability, and integrability through mature fiber communication techniques such as dense wavelength division multiplexing. Hence high-quality entangled-photon sources based on fibers are in high demand. Here we report multiplexed polarization- and time-bin-entangled photon-pair sources based on the dispersion-shifted fiber operating at room temperature. The associated high quality of entanglement is characterized using interference, Bell’s inequality, and quantum state tomography. The simultaneous presence of both types of entanglement in multi-channel pairs of a 100-GHz dense wavelength division multiplexing device indicates a great capacity in distributing entangled photons over multiple users. Our design provides a versatile platform and takes a big step toward constructing an all-fiber quantum network.
We demonstrate a novel polarization-entangled photon-pair source based on standard birefringent polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The source consists of two stretches of fiber spliced together with perpendicular polarization axes, and has the potential to be fully fiber-based, with all bulk optics replaced with in-fiber equivalents. By modelling the temporal walk-off in the fibers, we implement compensation necessary for the photon creation processes in the two stretches of fiber to be indistinguishable. Our source subsequently produces a high quality entangled state having (92.2 ± 0.2) % fidelity with a maximally entangled Bell state.
We present two experiments geared toward the realization of a robust and intense source of polarization-entangled photons. First, we describe a novel source of polarization-entangled pairs that uses periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) and an interferometer based on polarization beam displacers. The source emits an intense flux of high-quality single-mode entangled photons and is stable, robust, and easy to align. Second, we report on sources of correlated photons generated in PPKTP waveguides. Waveguide sources of correlated pairs have been shown to generate high fluxes of pairs: we theoretically and experimentally investigate spontaneous parametric down-conversion generation of photon pairs in waveguides at different wavelengths.