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physica status solidi (b)

Transient Spectrum, Intensity, and Intensity Correlation of the Resonance Fluorescence from an Impurity Atom in a Solid

King-Do Su, W. Vogel, D.‐G. Welsch

Published May 1, 1980• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The influence of the linear electron‐phonon coupling on the resonance fluorescence light of an impurity atom in solids is studied in the limits of low temperature and resonant excitation of the zero‐phonon transition. It is shown that with respect to the total intensity the electron‐phonon coupling gives rise only to a Debye‐Waller factor. The transient spectrum is studied taking into account the effect of the spectral apparatus. Further, it is shown that the intensity correlation can be modified substantially provided that the electron is coupled to a pseudolocal phonon mode of very narrow bandwidth.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.2220990107

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Abstract The influence of the linear electron‐phonon coupling on the resonance fluorescence light of an impurity atom in solids is studied in the limits of low temperature and resonant excitation of the zero‐phonon transition. It is shown that with respect to the total intensity the electron‐phonon coupling gives rise only to a Debye‐Waller factor. The transient spectrum is studied taking into account the effect of the spectral apparatus. Further, it is shown that the intensity correlation can be modified substantially provided that the electron is coupled to a pseudolocal phonon mode of very narrow bandwidth.
A theoretical study is made of the threshold conditions for the observation of optical bistability and stimulated emission of zero-phonon lines of crystals containing impurities. A reduction in the electron–photon interaction constant ensures that nonlinear absorption due to a purely electronic transition is attained in a lower saturating field and the lasing threshold rises exponentially as the reciprocal of the Debye–Waller factor. It is shown that there are critical temperatures for the appearance of these effects. Experimental studies of the threshold conditions for lasing and optical bistability make it possible to determine directly the Debye–Waller factor at different temperatures of a crystal.
We present a theory of resonance fluorescence (RF) of a solid-state quantum emitter in the regime of weak optical excitation. The emitter is coupled to the phonon modes of the surrounding bulk semiconductor, described by a super-Ohmic spectral density. We show that the RF spectrum of this system consists of a central elastic line, a broad phonon sideband known from other linear and non-linear spectra of such systems, and a narrow inelastic contribution characteristic of scattering spectra, stemming from noise-induced transient dynamics. At moderate phonon couplings or low temperatures, the interplay between the broad sideband and the inelastic feature leads to a Fano-like profile near the resonant energy with the Fano parameter determined by laser detuning. In the weak-coupling limit (where only single-phonon processes are included), the spectrum becomes an exact Fano shape, with the inelastic component vanishing completely at the exact laser frequency. The amplitude of this spectral feature grows linearly with temperature, while its width depends solely on the spontaneous emission rate of the emitter. Because the spectral line shape is extremely sensitive to dephasing, resonance fluorescence can serve as a direct, non-interferometric probe of coherence at dephasing rates critical for generating highly indistinguishable single photons. We relate the quantum character of the reservoir to the non-commutativity of noise observables and show that the Fano resonance persists in the classical (commutative) limit. We also discuss how the redistribution of optical coupling efficiency between the central line and the sidebands affects the total scattering rate under various excitation conditions.
Abstract In today's development of quantum technologies a hybrid integration of phononic excitations becomes increasingly attractive. As natural quasi‐particle excitations in solid state systems, phonons couple to virtually any other excitation and therefore constitute a useful interaction channel between different building blocks in hybrid quantum systems. This work explores how the efficient light‐scattering properties of a single‐photon emitter and the appearance of characteristic sidebands in resonance fluorescence spectra, when interfaced with an arbitrary phonon quantum state, can be utilized for acousto‐optical transduction. Within reasonable approximations, an analytical description for the optical spectra in the low excitation limit is developed which can be used to read the number statistics of the initial phonon state from a given spectrum. It is shown that the readout is faulty in situations where relevant resonant transitions are forbidden due to vanishing Franck–Condon factors, especially when considering spectra with a noisy background. Two possible solutions to this problem are presented: (A) changing the detuning of the laser relative to the single‐photon emitter which modifies the relevant resonant transitions, or (B) increasing dissipation of the single‐photon emitter to promote off‐resonant transitions.
The normalised intensity correlation function of resonance fluorescence radiation from two-level atoms is studied in various respects. In the first part of the paper the author discusses only interference effects for several uncoupled, linearly arranged, atoms. It is shown that, depending on the distance between the atoms, the direction of observation and the strength of the driving field, an antibunching effect as well as a very big bunching effect may be observed. In the second part of the paper he studies for the case of two atoms and weak external fields the influence of the interaction between the atoms by means of a perturbation theory. It is shown that the coupling between the atoms strongly modifies the normalised intensity correlation function in comparison with the case of uncoupled atoms. He takes as the driving field a coherent external field as well as laser light and thermal light.