In recent years, many quantum cryptographic schemes have been proposed. However, it seems that there are many technical difficulties to realize them (except Quantum Key Distributions) as practical applications. In this paper, we propose a bank transfer (i.e., funds or Electronic Funds Transfer) system utilizing both classical and quantum cryptography to provide theoretically unbreakable security. This system can be realized using current technologies (e.g., linear polarizers and Faraday rotators) and requires no additional authentication and no key distribution scheme. However, a trusted third party must keep all member banks' private keys for encryption, authentication and also for functions to generate classical digital signatures.
In recent years, many quantum cryptographic schemes have been proposed. However, it seems that there are many technical difficulties to realize them (except Quantum Key Distributions) as practical applications. In this paper, we propose a bank transfer (i.e., funds or Electronic Funds Transfer) system utilizing both classical and quantum cryptography to provide theoretically unbreakable security. This system can be realized using current technologies (e.g., linear polarizers and Faraday rotators) and requires no additional authentication and no key distribution scheme. However, a trusted third party must keep all member banks' private keys for encryption, authentication and also for functions to generate classical digital signatures.
In recent years, many quantum cryptographic schemes have been proposed. However, it seems that there are many technical difficulties to realize them (except Quantum Key Distributions) as practical applications. In this paper, we propose a bank transfer (i.e., funds or Electronic Funds Transfer) system utilizing both classical and quantum cryptography to provide theoretically unbreakable security. This system can be realized using current technologies (e.g., linear polarizers and Faraday rotators) and requires no additional authentication and no key distribution scheme. However, a trusted third party must keep all member banks' private keys for encryption, authentication and also for functions to generate classical digital signatures.
Background: A new approach for the implementation of Quantum Cryptography is proposed in this paper. Quantum Cryptography has practicalweakness like lack of authentication, single photon generation and many realtime implementation problems.Thispaper also explainshowthedrawback ofBB84protocolis eliminatedby combiningClassicalCryptography and Quantum techniques. Methods: We analyze the usage ofDual Channel Interferometer technique and thereby fusing Quantum techniqueswith classicaltechnique.And their combination resultin the feasibility of authentication, and hacker identification, thereby introducing a novel method of QKD transmission. A quantum digital authentication scheme based on hash function is proposedinthispaper .The securityofthequantumprotocolliesonthe existenceofquantumonewayfunctionbyfundamental quantum principle. The practical difficulties in quantum control and quantum computation made quantum protocol hard to implement. The lack of authentication made the quantum protocol vulnerable to hackers. Introducing two level quantum system authentications can be achieved with the help of hash function. To guarantee the authenticity, hash codes are split into two parts and exchange of code is made through two quantum channels.This scheme uses a programmable polarizer ensuring the quantum one way function and removing the practical difficulties of quantum control and quantum computation. The proposed scheme presents a novel method to construct secure quantum authentication for future communication. Result: Dual channel implementation helps in implementing authentication in quantum BB84 protocol. We combined the advantages of quantum techniques and classical techniques and tried to implement a novel technique to ensure secure communication. Application: People use the ATM for transactions such as cash withdrawal, money transfer and payment of electricity and telephone bills. ATM is the most convenient to access the accounts and funding transactions. Personal Identification Number (PIN)is an important aspect of the current ATM system in providing security and it is a commonly used method in protecting the transaction of one’s account.By implementing above technique ATM pin transfer can be successfully made.Keyword: BB84, Classical Cryptography,Hash Codes,Hash Function, Quantum Channels Programmable Polarizer, Quantum Cryptography
Digital signatures are widely used in modern communication to guarantee authenticity and transferability of messages. The security of currently used classical schemes relies on computational assumptions. We present a quantum signature scheme that does not require trusted quantum channels. We prove that it is unconditionally secure against the most general coherent attacks, and show that it requires the transmission of significantly fewer quantum states than previous schemes. We also show that the quantum channel noise threshold for our scheme is less strict than for distilling a secure key using quantum key distribution. This shows that ``direct'' quantum signature schemes can be preferable to signature schemes relying on secret shared keys generated using quantum key distribution.
The modern banking, stock trading and digital payment systems are banks and financial data exchange. Nevertheless, the advent of quantum computing can be a major challenge to the conventional cryptographic systems, as it may allow attackers to crack the popular encryption systems like RSA and ECC. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative method that can be used to provide a high degree of confidentiality and integrity to an encryption key exchange by utilizing quantum mechanics. The context of this paper is the possibility of using QKD in the context of financial data exchange, such as interbank transfer, SWIFT transfer, blockchain security, and real-time trading data. A comparative study is done on the QKD vs classical cryptographic, with real world case studies given on the implementation of the methods into practice in the financial sector. Other integration issues such as infrastructure costs, distance, regulatory issues, and compatibility with the existing network are also discussed. Lastly, the hybrid models that can be used as transitional models between QKD and post-quantum cryptography are discussed. The results indicate that even though QKD is an effective method to improve the safety of data, its implementation at a large scale would require the development of quantum repeater devices, uniformity, and affordability. Quantum Key Distribution is poised as a strategic requirement to the protection of the future of financial data exchange.
Guaranteeing nonrepudiation, unforgeability as well as transferability of a signature is one of the most vital safeguards in today's e-commerce era. Based on fundamental laws of quantum physics, quantum digital signature (QDS) aims to provide information-theoretic security for this cryptographic task. However, up to date, the previously proposed QDS protocols are impractical due to various challenging problems and most importantly, the requirement of authenticated (secure) quantum channels between participants. Here, we present the first quantum digital signature protocol that removes the assumption of authenticated quantum channels while remaining secure against the collective attacks. Besides, our QDS protocol can be practically implemented over more than 100 km under current mature technology as used in quantum key distribution.
Many traditional encryption techniques commonly used in financial systems face serious threats from the rapid development of quantum computing. Quantum attacks based on Shor's and Grover's algorithm are effective against the RSA, and ECC methods that secure online banking, digital payments, and interbank communications. To mitigate on this increasing risk, this paper suggests hybrid cryptographic architecture based on symmetric encryption, post-quantum cryptography (PQC), and quantum key distribution (QKD) for secure financial transactions. The Quantum-resistant security significance comes because the financial models produce massive data sets for fraud detection and predictive risk. Not only does it offer the previously unreachable computational capabilities, but also utilizes the potentials of large-scale financial data analytics to make the decision-making process fast and well informed, and in this light, the present research recommends a hybrid cryptographic approach with an integrated security framework for the financial sector that combines symmetric encryption, post-quantum cryptography (PQC), and quantum key distribution (QKD). The proposed structure relies on (1) the quantum-resistance of PQC for resilience and authentication, (2) the information-theoretic security of QKD for key establishment, and (3) the efficacy of symmetric cryptography for protecting high-throughput transactions. The framework covers the short-term practical limitations and long-term quantum risks based on the combined use of quantum and conventional security primitives. This paper points out the role and transformation of digital financial ecosystem in the quantum era by elaborating challenges, opportunities and future of quantum cryptography in the banking industry.