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Optics Letters

Multiple-channel wavelength conversion by use of engineered quasi-phase-matching structures in LiNbO_3 waveguides

Ming-Han Chou, Krishnan R. Parameswaran, M. M. Fejer, Igal Brener

Published Aug 15, 1999• 243 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report difference frequency generation-based wavelength converters with multiple phase-matching wavelengths that use engineered quasi-phase-matching structures in LiNbO(3) waveguides. Multiple-channel wavelength conversion is demonstrated within the 1.5-mum band and between the 1.3- and 1.5-mum bands. With simultaneous use of M pump wavelengths, these devices can also be used to perform wavelength broadcasting, in which each of N input signals is converted into M output wavelengths.

DOI
10.1364/ol.24.001157

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Optics Letters•Feb 1, 2004•51 citations
We report difference frequency generation-based wavelength converters with multiple phase-matching wavelengths that use engineered quasi-phase-matching structures in LiNbO(3) waveguides. Multiple-channel wavelength conversion is demonstrated within the 1.5-mum band and between the 1.3- and 1.5-mum bands. With simultaneous use of M pump wavelengths, these devices can also be used to perform wavelength broadcasting, in which each of N input signals is converted into M output wavelengths.
Difference-frequency generation (DFG) and cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction (χ(2)) based wavelength conversions in LiNbO3 quasi-phase-matched waveguides were studied systematically. The characteristics of the two conversion methods, such as conversion efficiency, conversion bandwidth, pump-wavelength tolerance, and temperature stability, were compared with both experimental and theoretical results of MgO-doped quasi-phase-matched waveguides. It was found that for shorter device length and lower pump power, DFG based wavelength converters had higher conversion efficiency, and the cascaded χ(2) based wavelength conversions had slightly wider 3-dB signal-conversion bandwidth. The 3-dB signal wavelength-conversion bandwidth decreased exponentially with an increase in device length. For long devices and high pump power, however, the efficiency difference between the cascaded χ(2) based conversions and DFG based ones was minor. Tolerance of pump wavelength for the cascaded χ(2) based wavelength conversions was approximately two times that of DFG-based ones, which decreases with the increase of device length. In both cases, the tolerance of pump wavelength exponentially decreased with an increase of device length. It was found that the temperature stability of the cascaded χ(2) based conversions was identical to that of DFG based conversions. These results are very helpful in choosing suitable wavelength converters for practical optical communication systems.
We report the single-to-multiple channel wavelength conversions of 1.57-ps pulses based on cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation in quasi-phase-matched periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. For single-to-single channel wavelength conversion, no external cavity laser is required with use of a fibre ring laser. The conversion efficiency is about -21.44 dB. The converted idler wavelength can be tuned from 1526.4 nm to 1537.5 nm as the lasing pump wavelength is varied from 1566.1 nm to 1555.0 nm. By employing several input pumps, tunable single-to-dual and single-to-triple channel wavelength conversions are experimentally demonstrated.
A configuration for wavelength conversion and optical amplification by parametric interaction using a nonlinear optical device is proposed. It enables pump generation through second harmonic generation (SHG), difference frequency generation (DFG), and optical parametric amplification (OPA) using a multiple-quasi-phase-matched (M-QPM) LiNbO3 waveguide in a bidirectional manner. Wavelength conversion for the 1.4–1.6 µm band is experimentally demonstrated. In addition, it is demonstrated that the parametric gain band can be changed using various detunings between the pump and QPM wavelengths used for the DFG/OPA process. The proposed method would be useful for enabling high-capacity optical transmission outside the 1550-nm band.
A novel wavelength conversion scheme based on cascaded sum-frequency generation (SFG) and difference-frequency generation (DFG) is proposed and demonstrated in a MgO-doped LiNbO3 quasi-phase-matched waveguide. In this scheme, two pump wavelengths are set outside the communication band. It is shown that the same conversion efficiency can be achieved by use of two pump sources with lower output power (P1, P2) in this scheme compared with the conventional cascaded wavelength conversion technique based on second-harmonic generation and DFG with a single higher-power pump beam (P = P1 + P2) that is due to the use of a larger SFG nonlinear coefficient. The results significantly influence the selection of a suitable nonlinear interaction scheme for practical applications.