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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Photon statistics of single-mode zeros and ones from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier measured by means of homodyne tomography

Paul L. Voss, Michael Vasilyev, Dmitry Levandovsky, Tae-Gon Noh, Prem Kumar

Published Oct 1, 2000• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report measurement of the photon-number distributions of zeros and ones that emerge from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in an on-off modulated communication system. Single-mode single-photon resolution was achieved by employing the method of optical homodyne tomography. The measured distributions agree with the quantum predictions of a Bose-Einstein distribution for the zeros and a Laguerre (noncentral negative binomial) distribution for the ones over a dynamic range up to 40 dB. The resulting noise figure of the amplifier compares well to that measured by an optical spectrum analyzer.

DOI
10.1109/68.883823

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We report measurement of the photon-number distributions of zeros and ones that emerge from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in an on-off modulated communication system. Single-mode single-photon resolution was achieved by employing the method of optical homodyne tomography. The measured distributions agree with the quantum predictions of a Bose-Einstein distribution for the zeros and a Laguerre (noncentral negative binomial) distribution for the ones over a dynamic range up to 40 dB. The resulting noise figure of the amplifier compares well to that measured by an optical spectrum analyzer.
The recently developed method of optical homodyne tomography (OHT) allows one to obtain the photon statistics of a single mode with single-photon resolution. Recently, we used OHT to prove the Bose Einstein distribution (BED) character of parametric fluorescence. In general, in an OHT setup, a weak signal beam is mixed on a 50/50 beamsplitter with a strong local oscillator beam of the same polarization and spatio-temporal mode. In this paper, we apply OHT to show, we believe for the first time, that ASE noise of a single mode in an EDFA is Bose-Einstein distributed.
Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are gaining increasing importance in the lightwave communications arena due mainly to their low insertion loss and easy manufacturability. Consequently there is significant motivation in obtaining the photon number distribution at the output of an EDFA taking finite bandwith and line shape of the signal lasers into account. In this paper the photon number distribution at the output of an EDFA resulting from an input wave packet having an arbitrary photon number distribution is evaluated. Previously the output photon number distribution was derived [1] for input fields having Poisson photon number distributions, i.e. for coherent sate input fields. Our treatment is more general in the sense that the input field can be in an arbitrary quantum sate. This generality will enable researchers to evaluate EDFA photon number distributions resulting from non-monochromatic incident fields [for example laser sources with phase and/or intensity noise] simply by using the appropriate input photon number distributions in the equations that will be derived below [see for example [2] for several photon number distributions corresponding to various laser line shapes].