Optics LettersContinuous-wave backward-wave generation by degenerate four-wave mixing in rubyP. F. Liao, D. M. BloomPublished Jul 1, 1978• 112 citationsPublisherAbstractThis is the first reported demonstration of cw wavefront conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in a solid. Conversion efficiencies of 3% for conjugate-wave generation were obtained in a ruby crystal using a cw argon-ion laser.DOI10.1364/ol.3.000004