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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Method of separated fields in optics

V. P. Chebotaev

Published Aug 31, 1978• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Three methods are of great importance for super-high resolution spectroscopy and in obtaining supernarrow resonances. These are as follows: the method of saturated absorption, two-photon spectroscopy, and the method of separated optical fields. The first two methods are well known and developed. Recent progress in developing these methods has been discussed in [1]. The narrowest resonances and high resolution were obtained by the method of saturated absorption. It is based on the use of a Lamb dip [2] in an absorption line. The use of absorption saturation resonances has been begun in 1967 with investigations of He-Ne lasers with a Ne absorbent which were independently carried out in Perkin Elmer laboratories [3] and in our institute [4].

DOI
10.1070/qe1978v008n08abeh010617

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Three methods are of great importance for super-high resolution spectroscopy and in obtaining supernarrow resonances. These are as follows: the method of saturated absorption, two-photon spectroscopy, and the method of separated optical fields. The first two methods are well known and developed. Recent progress in developing these methods has been discussed in [1]. The narrowest resonances and high resolution were obtained by the method of saturated absorption. It is based on the use of a Lamb dip [2] in an absorption line. The use of absorption saturation resonances has been begun in 1967 with investigations of He-Ne lasers with a Ne absorbent which were independently carried out in Perkin Elmer laboratories [3] and in our institute [4].
1. Introduetion For a long time aresolution of the optical met h ods was worse compared to that of the methods u s ed in the other wave length ranges. The last years saw a c ons i d er able progre s s in optical spectros copy in improving aresolution. This i s du e to tho development of new physical co nc epts und erlying the a t tai n­ ment of nonlinear s uper na r r ow optical r e sonanc es wi t h no Doppler broad ening. At present thre e methods are u sed to obtain narrow optical resonances: the mothod of s a t ur a t ed ab sorption, two-photon resonances in a standing-wavo field, and r esonances in s epar­ ated optical fields. The three methods involve the elimination of the influence of Doppl er broadening , so the narrowness of resonances is mostly determined by the time of coherent part­ icles-field interaction. The first t wo methods are weI l knovm and developed (see /1/). Just these methods h ave permitted receiving the principal results on obtaining and using super­ narrow resonances. The saturation resonances with a relative width of < 10- 11 have been obtained by using telescopic beam expanders to increase the time of particles-field interaction. The development of the third method has been started in 1976 (see / 2/). This method has showed interesting potentialities. The use of forbidden transitions and tunable lasers will permit to obtain resonanceswith a relative width of < 10- 13• Narrow resonances enabled one to observe in optics some phenomena that could not be earlier studied. Some results in this field received in the Institut e of Thermophysics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences are discussed in this r epor t .
With the ultracold temperatures (T 1012 cm-3) of atoms that can be produced with laser-cooling and trapping techniques, it is now possible to carry out a new kind of high-resolution spectroscopy.1 This photoassociation is based on optical absorption resonances between the initially free states of colliding atoms and specific, bound excited molecular states. High resolution can be obtained because of the narrow energy distribution of the ultracold gas.1 Because the initial states are formed by collisions, it becomes possible to probe unique, excited molecular states with very large interatomic separations that are impossible to probe with conventional molecular spectroscopy. The feasibility of this new spectroscopy has been demonstrated in two recent experiments.2,3
The review deals with resonance phenomena resulting from saturation of low-pressure-gas absorption lines by a coherent optical field, when the spectral lines are inhomogeneously broadened by the Doppler effect. Principal attention is paid to narrow resonances of width much smaller than the Doppler widths, which are produced upon saturation of the absorption by light waves under various experimental conditions (inside and outside the laser resonator, in traveling and standing waves, in spatially separated waves, etc.), owing to different effects (absorption saturation, mode interaction in the laser). Each of the phenomena is considered from both the theoretical and the experimental points of view. The phenomena considered serve as a basis of a new branch of optical spectroscopy, namely nonlinear laser spectroscopy of ultrahigh resolution.