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Journal of Luminescence

Photon statistics in single-molecule fluorescence at room temperature

L. Fleury, Jean‐Manuel Segura, G. Zumofen, Bert Hecht, Urs P. Wild

Published Dec 1, 2001• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0022-2313(01)00367-2

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The use of techniques for analyzing the fluorescence photon statistics of a single molecule for modeling single-emitter dynamics is demonstrated. The photon distribution function measured in the fluorescence of a single tetra-tert-butylterrylene molecule embedded in polyisobutylene is used to devise a theoretical model for single emitters with complicated fluorescence photon statistics. Our analysis was carried out with the theoretical approach developed by Osad'ko and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 064904 (2009); J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 10349 (2010)] for photon distribution functions. Although the experimental data were obtained at cryogenic temperature where narrow zero-phonon lines are present, the method is based on a purely statistical approach and does not require spectrally resolved data. It can also be applied to the analysis of broad fluorescence bands as measured at room temperature. Therefore, the method has prospects for revealing the quantum dynamics of single biological objects and other single quantum emitters in ambient conditions.
The fluorescence of single terrylene molecules in a crystalline host is investigated at room temperature by scanning confocal optical microscopy. Photon arrival times are analyzed in terms of interphoton time distributions, second order correlation functions, and the variance of the photon number probability distribution. Antibunching at short times and bunching behavior for longer times is observed, associated with sub- and super-Poissonian statistics, respectively. A rate-equation analysis of the molecular level populations indicates an accelerated reverse intersystem crossing.
We studied intensity fluctuations of a single photon source relying on the pulsed excitation of the fluorescence of a single molecule at room temperature. We directly measured the Mandel parameter Q(T) over 4 orders of magnitude of observation time scale T by recording every photocount. On time scale of a few excitation periods, sub-Poissonian statistics is clearly observed and the probablility of two-photons events is 10 times smaller than Poissonian pulses. On longer times, blinking in the fluorescence, due to the molecular triplet state, produces an excess of noise.